David Hang finally retired on a December morning. He sat alone in the quiet bedroom of his house. He watched the winter sun climb over the bare branches. He was seventy years old. His ninety-year-old mother was still alive and keen of ear. She would insist that he looked eighteen. "You swim every morning and eat an egg at breakfast," she often said. The protein in the egg, she believed, and his usual morning swim, kept his heart strong. "That is basically why you stay so young."
戴维·韩在一个十二月的早晨终于退休了。他独自坐在家里安静的卧室中。他望着冬日的太阳爬上光秃秃的枝头。他已经七十岁了。他九十岁的母亲仍健在、听力敏锐。她坚称他看起来只有十八岁。"你每天早上游泳,早餐吃一个鸡蛋,"她常说。她相信,鸡蛋里的蛋白质和他一贯的晨泳让他的心脏保持强健。"这基本上就是你如此年轻的原因。"
- David Hang:主语,表示“戴维·韩”
- finally:时间状语,修饰 retired,表示“终于”
- retired:谓语动词,表示“退休”
- on a December morning:时间状语,表示“在一个十二月的早晨”
- He:主语
- sat alone:谓语,sat 是不及物动词,alone 是方式状语,表示“独自坐着”
- in the quiet bedroom of his house:地点状语,修饰 sat,表示“在他家安静的卧室里”
- He:主语
- watched:谓语动词,表示“望着”
- the winter sun:宾语,表示“冬日的太阳”
- climb:宾语补足语,省略 to 的不定式,补充说明 the winter sun 的动作
- over the bare branches:地点状语,修饰 climb,表示“爬过光秃秃的枝头”
- He:主语
- was:系动词,作谓语
- seventy years old:表语,说明年龄,表示“七十岁”
- His ninety-year-old mother:主语,其中 ninety-year-old 是复合形容词作前置定语修饰 mother
- was:系动词,作谓语
- still alive:表语,表示“仍健在”
- and:并列连词,连接两个并列表语
- keen of ear:并列表语,形容词短语,表示“听力敏锐”
- She:主语
- would insist:谓语,would 表过去习惯,insist 表示“坚持认为”
- that he looked eighteen:宾语从句,that 引导,作 insist 的宾语,表示“他看起来只有十八岁”
- "You swim every morning and eat an egg at breakfast,":宾语,直接引语,是 said 的内容,表示“你每天早上游泳、早餐吃一个鸡蛋”
- she:主语
- often:频率状语,修饰 said,表示“常常”
- said:谓语动词
- The protein in the egg:并列主语的前半部分,其中 in the egg 修饰 protein
- she believed:插入语,表示“她相信”
- and:并列连词,连接两个并列主语
- his usual morning swim:并列主语的后半部分,表示“他一贯的晨泳”
- kept:谓语动词,表示“使……保持”
- his heart:宾语,kept 的对象
- strong:宾语补足语,形容词,表示“强健”
- "That:主语,指代上文所说的原因
- is:系动词,作谓语
- basically:状语,表示“基本上”
- why you stay so young.":表语从句,why 引导,表示“这就是你如此年轻的原因”
That routine had begun in his youth, in a small province far from any city. As a boy he had loved the woods behind his home. There he built a fence of solid wood. He loved the smell of cut wood. There he learned to swim in the cold river. He would sit in the shade of a giant oak. He would watch an aircraft pass overhead. He would let his imagination run wild. Every youth in the village dreamed of leaving. From an early age David had no intention of becoming a farmer like his father. He wanted to fly.
这一习惯始于他的青春时代,在一个远离任何城市的小省份。小时候,他喜欢家后面的树林。在那里,他用结实的木头搭了一道篱笆。他喜欢砍下木头的清香。在那里,他在冰冷的河里学会了游泳。他会坐在一棵大橡树的树荫下。他会看着飞机从头顶飞过。他会让想象力尽情驰骋。村里的每个年轻人都梦想离开。从很小的时候起,戴维就无意像父亲那样当农民。他想飞。
- That routine:主语,表示“那一习惯”
- had begun:谓语,过去完成时,表示“始于”
- in his youth:时间状语,表示“在他的青春时代”
- in a small province far from any city:地点状语,其中 far from any city 是形容词短语作后置定语修饰 province
- As a boy:时间状语,表示“小时候”
- he:主语
- had loved:谓语,过去完成时,表示“喜欢”
- the woods behind his home:宾语,其中 behind his home 修饰 woods
- There:地点状语,表示“在那里”
- he:主语
- built:谓语动词,表示“搭、建造”
- a fence of solid wood:宾语,其中 of solid wood 修饰 fence,表示“一道结实的木头篱笆”
- He:主语
- loved:谓语动词,表示“喜欢”
- the smell of cut wood:宾语,其中 of cut wood 修饰 smell,表示“砍下木头的清香”
- There:地点状语,表示“在那里”
- he:主语
- learned:谓语动词
- to swim:宾语,不定式短语,作 learned 的宾语,表示“游泳”
- in the cold river:地点状语,表示“在冰冷的河里”
- He:主语
- would sit:谓语,would 表过去习惯,表示“会坐”
- in the shade of a giant oak:地点状语,其中 of a giant oak 修饰 shade,表示“在一棵大橡树的树荫下”
- He:主语
- would watch:谓语,表示“会看着”
- an aircraft:宾语,watch 的对象
- pass overhead:宾语补足语,省略 to 的不定式,补充说明 an aircraft 的动作
- He:主语
- would let:谓语,表示“会让”
- his imagination:宾语,let 的对象
- run wild:宾语补足语,省略 to 的不定式,构成 let sth do sth 结构,表示“尽情驰骋”
- Every youth in the village:主语,其中 in the village 修饰 youth
- dreamed of leaving:谓语,dreamed of 表示“梦想”,leaving 是动名词作 of 的宾语
- From an early age:时间状语,表示“从很小的时候起”
- David:主语
- had:谓语动词
- no intention of becoming a farmer like his father:宾语,no intention 是宾语,of becoming... 作后置定语,构成 have no intention of doing sth 结构
- He:主语
- wanted:谓语动词
- to fly:宾语,不定式短语,表示“想飞”
His father, however, was opposed to the idea. "The sky is no place for a boy," he would say. Still, he never actually delayed the decision. David's mother took his side. In the end the family reached a compromise. He could pursue a career in aviation, but only after he finished his registration at the local college. The tuition was a reasonable price to pay, she insisted. She would insist on honesty above all else. His father, a reasonable man at heart, finally agreed, unable to say no to his only son.
然而,他的父亲反对这个想法。"天空不是小男孩该去的地方,"他会说。不过,他从未真正拖延这一决定。戴维的母亲站在他这一边。最终全家人达成妥协。他可以从事航空事业,但必须先完成在当地大学的注册。她坚持说,学费是值得付出的合理价格。而且她把诚实看得高于一切。他的父亲内心本是个通情达理的人,最终同意了,无法对自己唯一的儿子说不。
- His father:主语
- however:插入语,转折副词,表示“然而”
- was opposed to:谓语,be opposed to 表示“反对”
- the idea:宾语,介词 to 的宾语,表示“这个想法”
- "The sky is no place for a boy,":宾语,直接引语,是 say 的内容,表示“天空不是小男孩该去的地方”
- he:主语
- would say:谓语,would 表过去习惯
- Still:转折状语,表示“不过、仍然”
- he:主语
- never:频率状语,表示“从未”
- actually:状语,表示“真正地”
- delayed:谓语动词,表示“拖延”
- the decision:宾语,表示“这一决定”
- David's mother:主语
- took:谓语,take sb's side 表示“站在某人一边”
- his side:宾语,表示“他这一边”
- In the end:时间状语,表示“最终”
- the family:主语
- reached:谓语动词
- a compromise:宾语,表示“一个折中方案”
- He:主语
- could pursue:谓语,pursue 表示“从事、追求”
- a career in aviation:宾语,其中 in aviation 修饰 career,构成 pursue a career 结构
- but:转折连词,连接前后分句
- only after he finished his registration at the local college:时间状语从句,after 引导,修饰 could pursue,表示“只有完成注册之后”
- The tuition:主语,表示“学费”
- was:系动词
- a reasonable price to pay:表语,其中 to pay 修饰 price,表示“值得付出的合理价格”
- she insisted:插入语,表示“她坚持说”
- She:主语
- would insist on:谓语,insist on 表示“坚持、坚决要求”
- honesty above all else:宾语,其中 above all else 修饰 honesty,表示“把诚实看得高于一切”
- His father:主语
- a reasonable man at heart:同位语,说明 His father,表示“一个内心通情达理的人”
- finally:时间状语,表示“终于”
- agreed:谓语动词
- unable to say no to his only son:伴随状语,形容词短语,说明 agreed 时的状态,表示“无法对自己唯一的儿子说不”
David proved a remarkable student. He was competitive in every sense, yet never aggressive. His teachers soon acknowledged that he had a rare gift. They closely monitored his progress. They predicted, quite accurately, that he would one day become a champion of the skies. No one was amazed when, at the age of twenty-three, he won the regional flying championship. He would later acknowledge his debt to his mother. He learned to acknowledge his own mistakes without shame. The simple act of taking off never failed to amaze him. Nor did his calm under pressure ever amaze her.
戴维证明自己是一名非凡的学生。他各方面都争强好胜,却从不咄咄逼人。他的老师们很快承认他有一种罕见的天赋。他们密切监控他的进步。他们相当准确地预言,他终有一天会成为天空的冠军。二十三岁那年他赢得地区飞行锦标赛,没有人感到惊讶。他后来承认自己欠母亲一份恩情。他学会了坦然承认自己的错误。起飞这个简单的动作总是让他惊叹。他在压力下的沉着却也从未让她感到惊讶。
- David:主语
- proved:系动词,prove 后接名词作表语,表示“证明是”
- a remarkable student:表语,表示“一名非凡的学生”
- He:主语
- was:系动词
- competitive in every sense:表语,其中 in every sense 表示“在各个方面”
- yet:转折连词,连接两个并列表语
- never aggressive:并列表语,never 表否定,表示“从不咄咄逼人”
- His teachers:主语
- soon:时间状语,表示“很快”
- acknowledged:谓语动词,表示“承认”
- that he had a rare gift:宾语从句,that 引导,作 acknowledged 的宾语
- They:主语
- closely:方式状语,修饰 monitored,表示“密切地”
- monitored:谓语动词
- his progress:宾语
- They:主语
- predicted:谓语动词
- quite accurately:方式状语(插入语),修饰 predicted,表示“相当准确地”
- that he would one day become a champion of the skies:宾语从句,that 引导,作 predicted 的宾语
- No one:主语
- was:系动词
- amazed:表语,表示“感到惊讶”
- when:连接副词,引导时间状语从句
- at the age of twenty-three:时间状语(插入语),表示“二十三岁那年”
- he:从句的主语
- won:从句的谓语
- the regional flying championship:从句的宾语,表示“地区飞行锦标赛”
- He:主语
- would later:谓语部分,would 表过去将来,later 是时间状语
- acknowledge:谓语动词,表示“承认”
- his debt to his mother:宾语,其中 to his mother 修饰 debt,表示“欠母亲的恩情”
- He:主语
- learned:谓语动词
- to acknowledge his own mistakes without shame:宾语,不定式短语,其中 without shame 是方式状语
- The simple act of taking off:主语,表示“起飞这个简单的动作”
- never failed:谓语,never 否定,fail to do 表示“未能做”
- to amaze him:宾语,不定式,作 failed 的宾语;never failed to amaze him 表示“总是让他惊叹”
- Nor did:谓语,nor 引导倒装结构,表示“也未曾”
- his calm under pressure:主语,表示“他在压力下的沉着”
- ever amaze her:谓语部分,ever 是状语,amaze her 表示“让她感到惊讶”
His first job was as a co-pilot for a small airline whose reputation was excellent. The aircraft was old, but the crew was devoted to their work. Every passenger felt safe and secure. David learned to monitor every instrument on the screen. He learned to check the monitor above the door before each flight. He would weigh the risks of each sudden change in the weather. He refused to let fear weigh on his judgment. He learned to behave calmly when the tension in the cabin began to rise. The old machine, too, learned to behave through every storm. A secure future, he believed, was built on such small habits.
他的第一份工作是在一家声誉极好的小航空公司担任副驾驶。飞机很旧,但机组人员忠于职守。每位乘客都感到安全可靠。戴维学会了监控屏幕上的每一个仪表。他学会了在每次起飞前检查门上方的那台监视器。他会权衡天气每一次骤变带来的风险。他拒绝让恐惧压在他的判断之上。当机舱里的紧张气氛开始上升时,他学会了保持举止沉着。那台老机器也在每一场风暴中学会了正常运转。他相信,安稳的未来正是建立在这样的小习惯之上。
- His first job:主语,表示“他的第一份工作”
- was:系动词
- as a co-pilot:表语,介词短语,表示“担任副驾驶”
- for a small airline:状语,修饰 co-pilot,表示“在一家小航空公司”
- whose reputation was excellent:定语从句,whose 引导,修饰 airline,表示“声誉极好的”
- The aircraft:主语
- was:系动词
- old:表语
- but:转折连词
- the crew:第二分句的主语
- was devoted to:谓语,be devoted to 表示“忠于”
- their work:宾语,介词 to 的宾语
- Every passenger:主语
- felt:系动词
- safe and secure:表语,表示“安全可靠”
- David:主语
- learned:谓语动词
- to monitor every instrument on the screen:宾语,不定式短语,其中 on the screen 修饰 instrument
- He:主语
- learned:谓语动词
- to check the monitor above the door:宾语,不定式短语,其中 above the door 修饰 monitor
- before each flight:时间状语,表示“每次飞行前”
- He:主语
- would weigh:谓语,would 表过去习惯,weigh 表示“权衡”
- the risks of each sudden change in the weather:宾语,其中 of each sudden change... 修饰 risks
- He:主语
- refused:谓语动词
- to let fear weigh on his judgment:宾语,不定式短语;其中 fear 是 let 的宾语、weigh on his judgment 是省略 to 的不定式作宾语补足语(let sth do sth 结构)
- He:主语
- learned:谓语动词
- to behave calmly:宾语,不定式短语,calmly 是方式状语修饰 behave
- when the tension in the cabin began to rise:时间状语从句,when 引导,表示“当机舱里的紧张气氛开始上升时”
- The old machine:主语
- too:状语,表示“也”
- learned:谓语动词
- to behave through every storm:宾语,不定式短语,through every storm 是时间状语
- A secure future:主语,表示“安稳的未来”
- he believed:插入语,表示“他相信”
- was built on:谓语,被动语态,be built on 表示“建立在……之上”
- such small habits:宾语,介词 on 的宾语,表示“这样的小习惯”
One autumn evening, the weather forecast warned of a storm. A sudden shower turned the runway into glass. David's plane was full of passengers, and the delay in departure made everyone nervous. To ease the tension, he spoke over the intercom without delay and explained the situation. Then, in an emergency, he did what he had been trained to do. He communicated with the tower. With the assistance of his co-pilot, he landed the plane safely. The passengers let out a sigh of relief. Back at the hotel, he took a hot shower to warm up. When another emergency arose the next morning, he offered his assistance once more, as calmly as before.
一个秋日的傍晚,天气预报警告有暴风雨。一场骤雨把跑道变成了玻璃一般。戴维的飞机上坐满了乘客,起飞延误让每个人都紧张不安。为了缓解紧张气氛,他立即通过对讲机讲话并解释了情况。随后,在紧急情况下,他做了受训该做的事。他与塔台沟通。在副驾驶的协助下,他让飞机安全着陆。乘客们松了一口气。回到酒店后,他冲了个热水澡暖和身子。第二天早上又出现另一桩紧急情况时,他再次像往常一样平静地提供了帮助。
- One autumn evening:时间状语,表示“一个秋日的傍晚”
- the weather forecast:主语,表示“天气预报”
- warned of:谓语,warn of 表示“警告”
- a storm:宾语
- A sudden shower:主语,表示“一场骤雨”
- turned:谓语动词
- the runway:宾语
- into glass:状语,与 turned 构成 turn...into... 结构,表示“把跑道变成玻璃一般”
- David's plane:主语
- was:系动词
- full of passengers:表语,be full of 表示“坐满了”
- and:并列连词
- the delay in departure:第二分句的主语,其中 in departure 修饰 delay
- made:谓语动词
- everyone:宾语
- nervous:宾语补足语,形容词,表示“紧张不安”
- To ease the tension:目的状语,不定式短语,表示“为了缓解紧张气氛”
- he:主语
- spoke:谓语动词
- over the intercom:方式状语,表示“通过对讲机”
- without delay:方式状语,表示“立即”
- and:并列连词,连接 spoke 和 explained
- explained:并列谓语动词
- the situation:宾语
- Then:时间状语,表示“随后”
- in an emergency:情况状语,介词短语,表示“在紧急情况下”
- he:主语
- did:谓语动词
- what he had been trained to do:宾语从句,what 引导,作 did 的宾语
- He:主语
- communicated with:谓语,communicate with 表示“与……沟通”
- the tower:宾语
- With the assistance of his co-pilot:方式状语,表示“在副驾驶的协助下”
- he:主语
- landed:谓语动词
- the plane safely:宾语 the plane 加方式状语 safely,表示“让飞机安全着陆”
- The passengers:主语
- let out:谓语,短语动词,表示“发出”
- a sigh of relief:宾语,其中 of relief 修饰 sigh,表示“松了一口气”
- Back at the hotel:地点状语,表示“回到酒店后”
- he:主语
- took:谓语动词
- a hot shower:宾语,表示“一个热水澡”
- to warm up:目的状语,不定式短语,表示“为了暖和身子”
- When another emergency arose the next morning:时间状语从句,when 引导,表示“第二天早上又出现紧急情况时”
- he:主语
- offered:谓语动词
- his assistance:宾语
- once more:频率状语,表示“再次”
- as calmly as before:方式状语,比较结构,表示“像往常一样平静”
That night, safe at home, David could not shake a sad thought. The airline's owner, a man he admired, had been arrested. The police were accusing him of fraud. The news said he was under arrest and under observation. The police continued to pursue the missing accountant across three provinces. "The charges are hard to predict," David told his wife. "And I have no intention of defending him if he is guilty." He washed his hands of the whole affair and went to bed. Still, he kept the man under observation in his thoughts. He remembered that a careful observation often reveals more than a quick judgment.
那天夜里,戴维安全回到家中,却甩不掉一个悲伤的念头。他敬仰的那位航空公司老板被捕了。警方指控他欺诈。新闻说他已被逮捕并受到监视。警方还在三个省份继续追捕那名失踪的会计。"这些指控难以预料,"戴维对妻子说。"如果他真的有罪,我无意为他辩护。"他彻底洗手不管这整件事,上床睡觉。但他仍在心里留意着那个人。他记着仔细观察往往比仓促判断能揭示更多东西。
- That night:时间状语,表示“那天夜里”
- safe at home:伴随状语,形容词短语,说明 David 的状态,表示“安全回到家中”
- David:主语
- could not shake:谓语,否定形式,表示“甩不掉”
- a sad thought:宾语,表示“一个悲伤的念头”
- The airline's owner:主语,表示“航空公司老板”
- a man he admired:同位语,修饰 the airline's owner,其中 he admired 是定语从句修饰 a man
- had been arrested:谓语,被动语态,表示“已被逮捕”
- The police:主语
- were accusing:谓语,过去进行时
- him:宾语
- of fraud:状语,构成 accuse sb of sth 结构,表示“指控他欺诈”
- The news:主语
- said:谓语动词
- he was under arrest and under observation:宾语从句,作 said 的宾语,表示“他已被逮捕并受到监视”
- The police:主语
- continued:谓语动词
- to pursue the missing accountant across three provinces:宾语,不定式短语,其中 across three provinces 是地点状语
- "The charges are hard to predict,":宾语,直接引语,是 told 的内容,表示“这些指控难以预料”
- David:主语
- told:谓语,tell sb sth 结构
- his wife:间接宾语
- "And I have no intention of defending him if he is guilty.":宾语,直接引语(承接上文 told 的内容),其中 if he is guilty 是条件状语从句
- He:主语
- washed his hands of:谓语,wash one's hands of 表示“洗手不管”
- the whole affair:宾语
- and:并列连词
- went:并列谓语
- to bed:地点状语,表示“上床睡觉”
- Still:转折副词(插入语),表示“不过”
- he:主语
- kept:谓语动词
- the man:宾语
- under observation:宾语补足语,介词短语,补充说明 the man,表示“受到留意”
- in his thoughts:地点状语,表示“在心里”
- He:主语
- remembered:谓语动词
- that a careful observation often reveals more than a quick judgment:宾语从句,that 引导,作 remembered 的宾语
The scandal hurt the brand image of the airline. Passengers began to complain about late flights and cold dishes. The company was in danger of collapse, and the market grew more competitive by the day. Consequently, a giant food supplier from the south made an offer. It was a merger and acquisition that would save the jobs. David was among the first to support the deal, and he did not oppose the new owners. He understood that a company must sometimes break with tradition to survive. "A famous brand is worth keeping," he said. "A single dish, well cooked, can still be competitive in any kitchen." "The dish of the day," he added, "was never a matter of price alone."
这桩丑闻损害了航空公司的品牌形象。乘客们开始抱怨航班延误和饭菜冰凉。公司濒临倒闭,市场也一天比一天竞争激烈。因此,南方一家食品巨头提出了收购要约。那是一次能保住工作岗位的兼并与收购。戴维是首批支持这笔交易的人之一,他并不反对新东家。他明白,公司有时必须打破传统才能生存。"一个著名的品牌值得保留,"他说。"一道精心烹制的菜肴在任何厨房里都能保持竞争力。""每日招牌菜,"他补充道,"从来不只是价格的问题。"
- The scandal:主语,表示“这桩丑闻”
- hurt:谓语动词
- the brand image of the airline:宾语,其中 of the airline 修饰 image
- Passengers:主语
- began:谓语动词
- to complain about late flights and cold dishes:宾语,不定式短语,其中 complain about 表示“抱怨”
- The company:主语
- was:系动词
- in danger of collapse:表语,介词短语,in danger of 表示“濒临……的危险”
- and:并列连词
- the market:第二分句的主语
- grew:系动词
- more competitive:表语,表示“竞争更激烈”
- by the day:时间状语,表示“逐日”
- Consequently:结果状语(连接副词),表示“因此”
- a giant food supplier from the south:主语,其中 from the south 修饰 supplier
- made:谓语动词
- an offer:宾语
- It:主语,指代 an offer
- was:系动词
- a merger and acquisition that would save the jobs:表语,其中 that would save the jobs 是定语从句修饰 merger and acquisition
- David:主语
- was:系动词
- among the first:表语,表示“首批之一”
- to support the deal:定语,不定式短语修饰 the first,表示“支持这笔交易的”
- and:并列连词
- he:第二分句的主语
- did not oppose:谓语,否定形式
- the new owners:宾语
- He:主语
- understood:谓语动词
- that a company must sometimes break with tradition to survive:宾语从句,that 引导,作 understood 的宾语,其中 to survive 是目的状语
- "A famous brand is worth keeping,":宾语,直接引语,是 said 的内容,表示“一个著名的品牌值得保留”
- he:主语
- said:谓语动词
- "A single dish, well cooked, can still be competitive in any kitchen.":宾语,直接引语(承接上文 said 的内容),其中 well cooked 是后置定语修饰 dish
- "The dish of the day,":宾语,直接引语的开头,作 added 的宾语,表示“每日招牌菜”
- he:主语
- added:谓语动词,报告语,表示“他补充道”
- "was never a matter of price alone.":直接引语的后续部分,作 added 的宾语,表示“从来不只是价格的问题”
The new owners were advocates of contemporary technology, and they did not hesitate to advocate change. They installed new computers. They built a database for every passenger. They put a tiny chip in each new aircraft. They devoted great sums to research. They learned to devote their evenings to reading the latest studies. They learned to devote a portion of each weekend to small experiments. The online registration of passengers took only a minute. The proportion of on-time flights rose. A large proportion of the staff received extra training, paid in proportion to their skill. The coverage of their network reached every province in the country. David was proud to contribute his experience to this change. He knew that every small choice can contribute to a long career.
新东家是当代技术的倡导者,他们毫不迟疑地倡导变革。他们安装了新电脑。他们为每位乘客建立了数据库。他们在每架新飞机上装了一枚小芯片。他们投入巨资用于研究。他们学会把晚上用来阅读最新研究。他们学会把每个周末的一部分时间用于小实验。乘客的网上登记只需一分钟。航班准点率上升了。很大一部分员工接受了额外培训,报酬与技能成比例发放。他们网络的覆盖范围遍及全国每个省份。戴维很自豪能把自己的经验贡献给这场变革。他知道每一个小小的选择都能成就一段长久的职业生涯。
- The new owners:主语
- were:系动词
- advocates of contemporary technology:表语,其中 of contemporary technology 修饰 advocates
- and:并列连词
- they:第二分句的主语
- did not hesitate:谓语,否定形式,表示“毫不迟疑”
- to advocate change:宾语,不定式短语,作 hesitate 的宾语
- They:主语
- installed:谓语动词
- new computers:宾语
- They:主语
- built:谓语动词
- a database for every passenger:宾语,其中 for every passenger 修饰 database
- They:主语
- put:谓语动词
- a tiny chip:宾语,表示“一枚小芯片”
- in each new aircraft:地点状语,表示“在每架新飞机上”
- They:主语
- devoted:谓语动词
- great sums:宾语
- to research:状语,构成 devote sth to sth 结构
- They:主语
- learned:谓语动词
- to devote their evenings to reading the latest studies:宾语,不定式短语,作 learned 的宾语(devote...to doing 结构)
- They:主语
- learned:谓语动词
- to devote a portion of each weekend to small experiments:宾语,不定式短语,作 learned 的宾语
- The online registration of passengers:主语,其中 of passengers 修饰 registration
- took:谓语动词
- only a minute:宾语,only 修饰,表示“只需一分钟”
- The proportion of on-time flights:主语,表示“航班准点率”
- rose:谓语动词,表示“上升”
- A large proportion of the staff:主语,表示“很大一部分员工”
- received:谓语动词
- extra training:宾语
- paid in proportion to their skill:后置定语,过去分词短语修饰 training,其中 in proportion to 表示“与……成比例”
- The coverage of their network:主语,其中 of their network 修饰 coverage
- reached:谓语动词
- every province in the country:宾语,其中 in the country 修饰 province
- David:主语
- was:系动词
- proud:表语
- to contribute his experience to this change:状语,不定式短语,说明 proud 的原因(be proud to do sth 结构)
- He:主语
- knew:谓语动词
- that every small choice can contribute to a long career:宾语从句,that 引导,作 knew 的宾语
At home, David's wife ran a small restaurant. Every guest praised her cooking, and she enjoyed a good reputation throughout the town. Her best dish was a simple plate of eggs with fresh fruit and a soup rich in iron. She would wash the vegetables in cold water. She would lock the door at closing time. She would walk home through the quiet streets. She had a fine ear for music, and the radio was always on. "Good food is a universal language," she would say. "A full plate is a nearly universal sign of a peaceful home." "The fruit of our labor," she liked to add, "is a table where everyone is welcome."
在家里,戴维的妻子经营着一家小餐馆。每位客人都称赞她的厨艺,她在全镇享有良好的声誉。她的拿手菜是一盘简单的鸡蛋,配上新鲜水果和一碗富含铁的汤。她会用冷水洗菜。她会在打烊时锁上门。她会穿过安静的街道走回家。她对音乐有很好的鉴赏力,收音机总是开着。"好的食物是一种通用的语言,"她会说。"满满一盘菜几乎就是一个安宁家庭的普遍标志。""我们劳动的果实,"她喜欢补充说,"是一张欢迎所有人落座的餐桌。"
- At home:地点状语,表示“在家里”
- David's wife:主语
- ran:谓语动词,表示“经营”
- a small restaurant:宾语
- Every guest:主语
- praised:谓语动词
- her cooking:宾语
- and:并列连词
- she:第二分句的主语
- enjoyed:谓语动词
- a good reputation:宾语,表示“良好声誉”
- throughout the town:地点状语,表示“在全镇”
- Her best dish:主语,表示“她的拿手菜”
- was:系动词
- a simple plate of eggs:表语
- with fresh fruit:后置定语,介词短语修饰 plate,表示“配上新鲜水果的”
- and:并列连词,连接两个表语
- a soup rich in iron:并列表语,其中 rich in iron 是形容词短语作后置定语修饰 soup,表示“富含铁的汤”
- She:主语
- would wash:谓语,would 表过去习惯
- the vegetables:宾语
- in cold water:方式状语,表示“用冷水”
- She:主语
- would lock:谓语,表示“会锁”
- the door:宾语
- at closing time:时间状语,表示“打烊时”
- She:主语
- would walk:谓语,表示“会走”
- home:地点状语,表示“回家”
- through the quiet streets:地点状语,表示“穿过安静的街道”
- She:主语
- had:谓语动词
- a fine ear for music:宾语,其中 for music 修饰 ear,表示“对音乐有很好的鉴赏力”
- and:并列连词
- the radio:第二分句的主语
- was:系动词
- always on:表语,on 是表语,always 是频率状语修饰 on,表示“总是开着”
- "Good food is a universal language,":宾语,直接引语,是 say 的内容,表示“好的食物是一种通用的语言”
- she:主语
- would say:谓语,would 表过去习惯
- "A full plate is a nearly universal sign of a peaceful home.":宾语,直接引语(承接上文 say 的内容),表示“满满一盘菜几乎就是一个安宁家庭的普遍标志”
- "The fruit of our labor,":宾语,直接引语的开头,作 add 的宾语,表示“我们劳动的果实”
- she:主语
- liked to add:谓语,报告语,表示“她喜欢补充说”
- "is a table where everyone is welcome.":直接引语的后续部分,作 add 的宾语,其中 where everyone is welcome 是定语从句修饰 a table
Their daughter, however, wanted nothing to do with food or flying. A keen and aggressive debater, she became an advocate for the rights of prisoners. She often visited the local jail to teach. On the board she wrote the pattern "to accuse sb of a crime". She asked each student to complete it. "Every person is a slave to their past," she told her father. "But no one should be a slave to another." David admired her determination, though he found some of her ideas crazy and her arguments hard to follow. "It is a crazy world," he would sigh, "where a father cannot understand his own daughter."
然而,他们的女儿既不想碰食物,也不想碰飞行。她是个敏锐而咄咄逼人的辩手,成了囚犯权利的倡导者。她常常去当地监狱教书。她在黑板上写下"to accuse sb of a crime"这个句型。她让每个学生补全。"每个人都是自己过去的奴隶,"她对父亲说。"但没有人应该成为另一个人的奴隶。"戴维钦佩她的决心,尽管他觉得她的一些想法荒唐,论证也难以理解。"这真是个荒唐的世界,"他会叹息道,"父亲竟无法理解自己的女儿。"
- Their daughter:主语
- however:插入语,转折副词,表示“然而”
- wanted:谓语动词
- nothing:宾语
- to do with food or flying:定语,不定式短语修饰 nothing,构成 want nothing to do with 结构
- A keen and aggressive debater:同位语,说明 she,表示“一个敏锐而咄咄逼人的辩手”
- she:主语
- became:系动词
- an advocate for the rights of prisoners:表语,其中 for the rights of prisoners 修饰 advocate
- She:主语
- often:频率状语
- visited:谓语动词
- the local jail:宾语
- to teach:目的状语,不定式短语
- On the board:地点状语,表示“在黑板上”
- she:主语
- wrote:谓语动词
- the pattern "to accuse sb of a crime":宾语,其中引号内是不定式短语作 the pattern 的同位语,表示句型
- She:主语
- asked:谓语动词
- each student:宾语
- to complete it:宾语补足语,不定式,构成 ask sb to do sth 结构
- "Every person is a slave to their past,":宾语,直接引语,是 told 的内容
- she:主语
- told:谓语,tell sb sth 结构
- her father:间接宾语
- "But no one should be a slave to another.":宾语,直接引语(承接上文 told 的内容),表示“但没有人应该成为另一个人的奴隶”
- David:主语
- admired:谓语动词
- her determination:宾语
- though he found some of her ideas crazy and her arguments hard to follow:让步状语从句,though 引导;其中 some of her ideas 是宾语、crazy 是宾语补足语,her arguments 是宾语、hard to follow 是宾语补足语
- "It is a crazy world,":宾语,直接引语,是 sigh 的内容
- he:主语
- would sigh:谓语,would 表过去习惯,sigh 表示“叹息”
- "where a father cannot understand his own daughter.":直接引语,sigh 的宾语,其中 where 引导定语从句修饰 world
By the time David turned sixty, the airline had grown into a giant. The construction of a new terminal was underway. David watched it rise from the shade of his office window. The work was under construction for two years. Every participant in the project felt a sense of pride. They ranged from the architects to the volunteer students who served coffee. Each participant received a small certificate, and many would later volunteer to help again. "A building," David observed, "is basically an idea that has learned to stand."
到戴维六十岁时,航空公司已经发展成了巨头。一座新航站楼的建设正在进行。戴维从办公室窗前的阴凉处看着它一点点升高。这项工程施工了两年。项目里的每一位参与者都感到自豪。他们从建筑师到端咖啡的学生志愿者都有。每位参与者都领到一张小证书,许多人后来还会再次自愿来帮忙。"一座建筑,"戴维评论道,"基本上是一个学会了站立的想法。"
- By the time David turned sixty:时间状语从句,By the time 引导,表示“到戴维六十岁时”
- the airline:主语
- had grown into:谓语,过去完成时
- a giant:宾语,表示“一个巨头”
- The construction of a new terminal:主语,表示“一座新航站楼的建设”
- was:系动词
- underway:表语,表示“正在进行”
- David:主语
- watched:谓语动词
- it:宾语
- rise:宾语补足语,省略 to 的不定式,补充说明 it 的动作
- from the shade of his office window:地点状语,修饰 rise,表示“从办公室窗前的阴凉处”
- The work:主语
- was:系动词
- under construction:表语,表示“在施工中”
- for two years:时间状语,表示“持续两年”
- Every participant in the project:主语,其中 in the project 修饰 participant
- felt:谓语动词
- a sense of pride:宾语,表示“一种自豪感”
- They:主语,指代 every participant
- ranged from:谓语,range from...to... 表示“从……到……不等”
- the architects:宾语,介词 from 的宾语
- to:介词,构成 range from...to... 结构
- the volunteer students who served coffee:宾语,介词 to 的宾语,其中 who served coffee 是定语从句修饰 students
- Each participant:主语
- received:谓语动词
- a small certificate:宾语
- and:并列连词
- many:第二分句的主语,表示“许多人”
- would later:谓语部分,would 表过去将来,later 是时间状语
- volunteer:谓语动词,表示“自愿”
- to help again:宾语,不定式短语,作 volunteer 的宾语
- "A building,":宾语,直接引语,是 observed 的内容
- David:主语
- observed:谓语动词,表示“评论道”
- "is basically an idea that has learned to stand.":直接引语,observed 的宾语,其中 that has learned to stand 是定语从句修饰 an idea
He made one final contribution that year. The company needed a substitute for a retiring chief pilot. David volunteered to fill the role for one season. He did not anticipate how much the job had changed. The old conventional controls were gone, and the conventional wisdom of his youth no longer applied. They had been replaced by flexible screens and flexible cables that bent like willow branches. He revised his habits. He learned the new system. He concluded his career exactly as he had begun it: in the air, with the sun on his face.
那一年他做出了最后一次贡献。公司需要一位总机长退休后的接替者。戴维自愿顶替这一职位一个季度。他没有预料到这份工作变化有多大。老式的常规操纵装置不见了,他年轻时的那套传统经验也不再适用。它们被灵活的屏幕和像柳枝一样弯曲的柔韧线缆取代了。他调整了自己的习惯。他学会了新系统。他以与他开始时完全相同的方式结束了自己的职业生涯:在空中,阳光照在脸上。
- He:主语
- made:谓语动词
- one final contribution:宾语,表示“最后一次贡献”
- that year:时间状语,表示“那一年”
- The company:主语
- needed:谓语动词
- a substitute for a retiring chief pilot:宾语,其中 for a retiring chief pilot 修饰 substitute
- David:主语
- volunteered:谓语动词,表示“自愿”
- to fill the role:宾语,不定式短语,作 volunteered 的宾语
- for one season:时间状语,表示“一个季度”
- He:主语
- did not anticipate:谓语,否定形式,表示“没有预料到”
- how much the job had changed:宾语从句,how much 引导,作 anticipate 的宾语
- The old conventional controls:第一分句的主语
- were:系动词
- gone:表语,表示“不见了”
- and:并列连词
- the conventional wisdom of his youth:第二分句的主语,其中 of his youth 修饰 wisdom
- no longer:时间状语,表示“不再”
- applied:谓语动词,表示“适用”
- They:主语
- had been replaced by:谓语,被动语态
- flexible screens and flexible cables:宾语,介词 by 的宾语,表示“灵活的屏幕和柔韧的线缆”
- that bent like willow branches:定语从句,that 引导,修饰 cables,表示“像柳枝一样弯曲的”
- He:主语
- revised:谓语动词
- his habits:宾语
- He:主语
- learned:谓语动词
- the new system:宾语
- He:主语
- concluded:谓语动词
- his career:宾语
- exactly as he had begun it:方式状语,as 引导方式状语从句,冒号引出具体方式
- in the air:地点状语,说明方式
- with the sun on his face:伴随状语,说明方式,表示“阳光照在脸上”
Looking back, David acknowledged that his life had been full of indications of luck and hard work alike. Every indication pointed the same way. It was a clear indication of good fortune and patient effort. He had acquired a reputation for honesty. It was an acquisition of friends rather than wealth. He felt a sense of relief that he had never once compromised his principles. He would never compromise on the truth. He insisted, even now, that the greatest luxury was a quiet morning. It was also a warm jacket and the shade of a tree in the autumn. He had been widely acknowledged as a pioneer, and he could acknowledge his rivals with grace. When the airline offered him a directorship, he chose instead to resign from flying. He refused to resign himself to a life without purpose. His habits remained strict, and he kept a strict separation between work and rest. He loved classical music and respected the classical tradition of his craft.
回顾往事,戴维承认,他的一生充满了运气与勤奋交织的迹象。每一个迹象都指向同一个方向。那是好运与耐心努力的清楚迹象。他赢得了诚实的名声。那是朋友而非财富的收获。他有一种释然——他从未违背过自己的原则。他也决不会在真相上妥协。即使到了现在,他仍坚持认为,最大的奢侈是秋日里一个安静的早晨。那也是件温暖的夹克和一片树荫。他被广泛认可为一位先驱,也能优雅地承认对手的优点。当航空公司向他提供董事职位时,他反而选择辞去飞行工作。他拒绝让自己屈服于没有目标的人生。他的习惯依然严格,并在工作与休息之间保持着严格的界限。他热爱古典音乐,也尊重自己这门手艺的古典传统。
- Looking back:时间状语,现在分词短语,表示“回顾往事”
- David:主语
- acknowledged:谓语动词
- that his life had been full of indications of luck and hard work alike:宾语从句,that 引导,作 acknowledged 的宾语
- Every indication:主语
- pointed:谓语动词
- the same way:状语,表示“指向同一个方向”
- It:主语,指代上文所说
- was:系动词
- a clear indication of good fortune and patient effort:表语,其中 of good fortune and patient effort 修饰 indication
- He:主语
- had acquired:谓语,过去完成时
- a reputation for honesty:宾语,其中 for honesty 修饰 reputation
- It:主语,指代上文所说的名声
- was:系动词
- an acquisition of friends rather than wealth:表语,其中 rather than wealth 表示“而非财富”
- He:主语
- felt:谓语动词
- a sense of relief:宾语,表示“一种释然”
- that he had never once compromised his principles:同位语从句,that 引导,说明 relief 的内容
- He:主语
- would never:谓语部分,否定形式
- compromise on:谓语动词,compromise on 表示“在……上妥协”
- the truth:宾语,介词 on 的宾语
- He:主语
- insisted:谓语动词,表示“坚持认为”
- even now:时间状语(插入语),表示“即使现在”
- that the greatest luxury was a quiet morning:宾语从句,that 引导,作 insisted 的宾语
- It:主语,指代 the greatest luxury
- was:系动词
- also:状语,表示“也”
- a warm jacket and the shade of a tree in the autumn:表语,表示“一件温暖的夹克和一片树荫”
- He:主语
- had been widely acknowledged as:谓语,被动语态,be widely acknowledged as 表示“被广泛认可为”
- a pioneer:宾语,介词 as 的宾语,表示“一位先驱”
- and:并列连词
- he:第二分句的主语
- could:情态动词
- acknowledge:谓语动词
- his rivals:宾语
- with grace:方式状语,表示“优雅地”
- When the airline offered him a directorship:时间状语从句,When 引导,其中 him 是间接宾语、a directorship 是直接宾语
- he:主语
- chose:谓语动词
- instead:状语,表示“反而”
- to resign from flying:宾语,不定式短语,作 chose 的宾语
- He:主语
- refused:谓语动词
- to resign himself to:宾语,不定式短语,作 refused 的宾语,resign oneself to 表示“使自己屈服于”
- a life without purpose:宾语,介词 to 的宾语,其中 without purpose 修饰 life
- His habits:第一分句的主语
- remained:系动词
- strict:表语
- and:并列连词
- he:第二分句的主语
- kept:谓语动词
- a strict separation between work and rest:宾语,其中 between work and rest 修饰 separation
- He:主语
- loved:谓语动词
- classical music:宾语
- and:并列连词
- respected:并列谓语
- the classical tradition of his craft:宾语,其中 of his craft 修饰 tradition
To conclude, David never saw himself as remarkable. He weighed roughly ninety kilograms. He wore a plain watch on his wrist. He could not even iron his own shirt without help. Nor could he weigh the worth of his own years. Yet the theoretical dream he had imagined as a boy had become an everyday reality. The psychological comfort of a life well lived, he believed, outweighed every fancy prize and every horrible fear. A psychological study he once read had taught him the same lesson. It is a horrible thing, he thought, to live in regret. Altogether, he had flown more than eighteen thousand hours.
总而言之,戴维从不认为自己非凡。他体重大约九十公斤。他手腕上戴着一块普通的手表。他甚至没人帮忙就熨不好自己的衬衫。他也无法掂量自己这些年头的价值。然而,他小时候想象的那个理论上的梦想,已经变成了日常的现实。他相信,好好度过一生的那份心理上的安慰,压过了每一件花哨的奖品和每一种可怕的恐惧。他曾读过的一项心理学研究也教给了他同样的道理。他想,活在悔恨中是一件可怕的事。他总共飞行了一万八千多个小时。
- To conclude:插入语,不定式短语,表示“总而言之”
- David:主语
- never:频率状语,表示“从不”
- saw:谓语动词
- himself:宾语
- as remarkable:宾语补足语,介词短语,构成 see sb as sth 结构
- He:主语
- weighed:谓语动词
- roughly ninety kilograms:宾语,roughly 修饰,表示“大约九十公斤”
- He:主语
- wore:谓语动词
- a plain watch on his wrist:宾语,其中 on his wrist 修饰 watch
- He:主语
- could not even:谓语部分,否定形式,even 加强语气
- iron:谓语动词,表示“熨烫”
- his own shirt:宾语
- without help:方式状语,表示“没人帮忙”
- Nor could:谓语,nor 引导倒装结构,表示“也无法”
- he:主语
- weigh:谓语动词,表示“掂量”
- the worth of his own years:宾语,表示“自己这些年头的价值”
- Yet:转折副词,表示“然而”
- the theoretical dream he had imagined as a boy:主语,其中 he had imagined as a boy 是定语从句修饰 dream
- had become:系动词,过去完成时
- an everyday reality:表语
- The psychological comfort of a life well lived:主语,其中 of a life well lived 修饰 comfort
- he believed:插入语,表示“他相信”
- outweighed:谓语动词,表示“压过、超过”
- every fancy prize and every horrible fear:宾语,表示“每一件花哨的奖品和每一种可怕的恐惧”
- A psychological study he once read:主语,其中 he once read 是定语从句修饰 study
- had taught:谓语,过去完成时
- him:间接宾语
- the same lesson:直接宾语
- It:形式主语
- is:系动词
- a horrible thing:表语
- he thought:插入语,表示“他想”
- to live in regret:真正主语,不定式短语,表示“活在悔恨中”
- Altogether:状语,表示“总共”
- he:主语
- had flown:谓语,过去完成时
- more than eighteen thousand hours:宾语,表示“一万八千多个小时”
On his last Monday before retirement, David stood on the tarmac and watched one final plane take off. The low sun hung in the sky like a pale egg. The woods beyond the runway were golden. He felt a sudden, sharp relief, and he smiled. Some trends are hard to predict. But this one he had seen coming since he was a boy in that quiet bedroom. He was watching the sky and dreaming of flight. He kept that dream alive all his life. It had been an emotional farewell. His colleagues, whose advice had always been helpful, gathered to wish him well. His pension would be modest, but he felt rich. A random memory surfaced. It was the intervention of a kind teacher years ago. There was also the gentle intervention of his wife when he was about to quit. They had added an extension to the house, and he could never remember her telephone extension. "I have the usual dream," he said to himself, "of flying one more time."
退休前的最后一个星期一,戴维站在停机坪上,看着最后一架飞机起飞。低垂的太阳像一枚苍白的鸡蛋挂在天空中。跑道那头的树林一片金黄。他突然感到一阵强烈而清晰的释然,然后笑了。有些趋势难以预料。但这一种他从孩提时代起就早已预见——在那个安静的卧室里。他望着天空,梦想着飞行。他把那个梦想守护了一生。这是一场动情的告别。同事们聚在一起祝他一切顺利,他们的建议一直对他很有帮助。他的养老金会不多,但他觉得自己很富有。一段随意的记忆浮现出来。那是多年前一位好老师的干预。还有他几乎要放弃时妻子温柔的干预。他们给房子加盖了一个部分,他却总记不住她的电话分机号。"我做着那个平常的梦,"他对自己说,"再飞一次。"
- On his last Monday before retirement:时间状语,表示“退休前的最后一个星期一”
- David:主语
- stood:谓语动词
- on the tarmac:地点状语,表示“在停机坪上”
- and:并列连词
- watched:并列谓语
- one final plane:宾语
- take off:宾语补足语,省略 to 的不定式,补充说明 one final plane 的动作
- The low sun:主语
- hung:谓语动词
- in the sky:地点状语
- like a pale egg:方式状语,表示“像一枚苍白的鸡蛋”
- The woods beyond the runway:主语,其中 beyond the runway 修饰 woods
- were:系动词
- golden:表语
- He:主语
- felt:谓语动词
- a sudden, sharp relief:宾语,sudden 和 sharp 并列修饰 relief
- and:并列连词
- he:第二分句的主语
- smiled:谓语动词
- Some trends:主语
- are:系动词
- hard to predict:表语,表示“难以预料”
- But:转折连词,表示“但”
- this one:主语,表示“这一种”
- he had seen:谓语,过去完成时
- coming:宾语补足语,现在分词,补充说明 this one,构成 see sb/sth doing 结构
- since he was a boy in that quiet bedroom:时间状语从句,since 引导
- He:主语
- was watching:谓语,过去进行时
- the sky:宾语
- and:并列连词,连接 was watching 和 dreaming 两个并列谓语
- dreaming of flight:并列谓语部分,dream of 表示“梦想”
- He:主语
- kept:谓语动词
- that dream alive:宾语 that dream 加宾语补足语 alive,构成 keep sth alive 结构
- all his life:时间状语,表示“一生”
- It:主语
- had been:系动词,过去完成时
- an emotional farewell:表语
- His colleagues:主语
- whose advice had always been helpful:定语从句(非限制性),whose 引导,修饰 his colleagues
- gathered:谓语动词
- to wish him well:目的状语,不定式短语
- His pension:第一分句的主语
- would be:系动词
- modest:表语,表示“不多”
- but:转折连词
- he:第二分句的主语
- felt:系动词
- rich:表语,表示“富有”
- A random memory:主语
- surfaced:谓语动词
- It:主语,指代 a random memory
- was:系动词
- the intervention of a kind teacher years ago:表语,其中 of a kind teacher 修饰 intervention
- There:引导词,构成 There be 结构
- was:谓语,There be 结构中的 be 动词
- also:状语,表示“还有”
- the gentle intervention of his wife:主语(There be 结构中的真正主语),表示“妻子温柔的干预”
- when he was about to quit:时间状语从句,when 引导
- They:第一分句的主语
- had added:谓语,过去完成时
- an extension to the house:宾语,其中 to the house 修饰 extension
- and:并列连词
- he:第二分句的主语
- could never remember:谓语,否定形式
- her telephone extension:宾语
- "I have the usual dream,":宾语,直接引语,是 said 的内容
- he:主语
- said to himself:谓语,said to himself 表示“对自己说”
- "of flying one more time.":直接引语,said 的宾语,表示“再飞一次”