It was late October. Then I first understood how much our little port city had changed. From my window on the hill I could see the whole harbour. I could see the grey shore on the left. The dark forest stretched down to the water's edge. A thin cloud of gas from the old factory still hung over the water at dawn. I could read the port at a glance, the way a sailor reads the tide. The climate here was mild once, but the environmental signs had grown impossible to ignore. I am a nurse. This city has been my home and my field of vision for twenty years.
那是在十月底。那时我才第一次明白,我们这座小小的港口城市发生了多么大的变化。从我位于山坡上的窗户望去,我能看到整个海港。我能看到左边灰暗的海岸。那片幽暗的森林一直延伸到水边。黎明时分,旧工厂排出的一层薄薄的气体仍笼罩在水面上空。我能一眼看透这个港口,就像水手读潮汐一样。这里的气候曾经温和,但环境的种种迹象已经变得无法忽视。我是一名护士。这座城市二十年来一直是我的家,也是我的视野。
- It:主语,形式主语
- was:系动词,作谓语
- late October:表语,表示时间“十月下旬”
- Then:时间状语,表示“那时”
- I:主语
- first:状语,表示“第一次”
- understood:谓语动词,表示“明白”
- how much our little port city had changed:宾语从句,作 understood 的宾语;其中 our little port city 是主语、had changed 是谓语
- From my window on the hill:地点状语,表示“从我位于山坡上的窗户(望去)”
- I:主语
- could see:谓语,表示“能看到”
- the whole harbour:宾语,表示“整个海港”
- I:主语
- could see:谓语,表示“能看到”
- the grey shore on the left:宾语,其中 on the left 修饰 shore,表示“左边灰暗的海岸”
- The dark forest:主语
- stretched:谓语动词,表示“延伸”
- down to the water's edge:方向状语,表示“一直延伸到水边”
- A thin cloud of gas from the old factory:主语,其中 from the old factory 修饰 gas
- still:频率状语,表示“仍然”
- hung:谓语动词,表示“笼罩”
- over the water:地点状语,表示“在水面上空”
- at dawn:时间状语,表示“黎明时分”
- I:主语
- could read:谓语,表示“能读懂”
- the port:宾语
- at a glance:方式状语,表示“一眼”
- the way a sailor reads the tide:方式状语,the way 引导方式状语从句;从句中 a sailor 是主语、reads 是谓语、the tide 是宾语
- The climate here:主语,here 是后置定语修饰 climate
- was:系动词,作谓语
- mild once:表语,once 是时间状语,表示“曾经温和”
- but:转折连词,连接前后分句
- the environmental signs:第二分句的主语
- had grown:系动词,过去完成时,表示“已经变得”
- impossible to ignore:表语,to ignore 修饰 impossible
- I:主语
- am:系动词,作谓语
- a nurse:表语,表示“一名护士”
- This city:主语
- has been:系动词,现在完成时
- my home and my field of vision:表语,两个并列的名词短语
- for twenty years:时间状语,表示“二十年来”
My husband works at the port. He loads and unloads every kind of cargo, from red wine and grain to the heavy gear. The heavy gear keeps the cranes turning. His job description calls him a dock worker. But he is really the man who keeps the whole machine alive. The three long docks consist of timber and steel, plus a repair shed and a row of warehouses. Every morning he rides a bike down the hill, past the empty market square, to start his shift. Unlike me, he has never wanted to leave; he says the salt water is in his blood.
我的丈夫在港口工作。他装卸各种各样的货物,从红酒、谷物到让起重机保持运转的重型传动装置。那套重型传动装置让起重机保持运转。他的职位描述称他为码头工人。但他其实是让整台机器保持活力的人。三条长长的码头由木材和钢材构成,另外还有一间修理棚和一排仓库。每天清晨,他都骑着自行车下山,经过空荡荡的市场广场,开始他的班次。与我不同,他从未想过离开;他说咸咸的海水已经融入了他的血液。
- My husband:主语
- works:谓语动词
- at the port:地点状语,表示“在港口”
- He:主语
- loads and unloads:并列谓语,表示“装卸”
- every kind of cargo:宾语,表示“各种各样的货物”
- from red wine and grain to the heavy gear:状语,from...to... 结构,说明货物的范围
- The heavy gear:主语
- keeps:谓语动词
- the cranes turning:宾语补足语,keep sth doing 结构,表示“让起重机保持运转”
- His job description:主语
- calls:谓语动词
- him:宾语
- a dock worker:宾语补足语,call sb sth 结构,表示“称他为码头工人”
- But:转折连词,连接上下文
- he:主语
- is:系动词
- really:状语,修饰 is
- the man:表语
- who keeps the whole machine alive:定语从句,修饰 the man;从句中 who 是主语、keeps 是谓语、the whole machine 是宾语、alive 是宾补
- The three long docks:主语
- consist of:谓语,consist of 结构,表示“由……组成”
- timber and steel:宾语
- plus a repair shed and a row of warehouses:补充成分,表示“另外还有一间修理棚和一排仓库”
- Every morning:时间状语,表示“每天清晨”
- he:主语
- rides:谓语动词
- a bike:宾语,ride a bike 意为“骑自行车”
- down the hill:方向状语,表示“下山”
- past the empty market square:地点状语,表示“经过空荡荡的市场广场”
- to start his shift:目的状语,不定式短语,表示“去开始他的班次”
- Unlike me:比较状语,表示“与我不同”
- he:主语
- has never wanted:谓语,现在完成时否定
- to leave:宾语,不定式短语,表示“离开”
- he:第二分句的主语(分号后)
- says:谓语动词
- the salt water is in his blood:宾语从句,作 says 的宾语;从句中 the salt water 是主语、is 是系动词、in his blood 是表语
Last year my younger sister was told she had breast cancer. The word fell on our family like a cold stone. I watched her nurse her fear. She did it the way a nurse watches a patient. She faced one symptom at a time, and one small victory at a time. Her temperature was checked at room temperature every evening. She learned to hate the taste of the medicine but never to hate the people around her. Some days it took every nerve to keep going. So I taught her to concentrate on one small step, and to concentrate all her strength on breathing. The consultant who treated her was kind. He told us the tumour had been caught early enough to give her real hope.
去年,我的妹妹被告知患了乳腺癌。这个消息像一块冰冷的石头砸在我们家。我看着她小心翼翼地对待自己的恐惧。她就像一个护士照料病人那样去做。她一次应对一个症状,一次取得一个小小的胜利。每天傍晚,她的体温都在室温下测量。她学会了厌恶药的味道,却从不厌恶身边的人。有些日子,继续坚持下去需要鼓起全部勇气。于是我教她专注于一小步,并把全部力气集中到呼吸上。为她治疗的那位顾问医生很和蔼。他告诉我们,肿瘤发现得足够早,能给她真正的希望。
- Last year:时间状语,表示“去年”
- my younger sister:主语
- was told:谓语,被动语态
- she had breast cancer:宾语从句,作 told 的宾语;从句中 she 是主语、had 是谓语、breast cancer 是宾语
- The word:主语,指代“这个消息”
- fell:谓语动词,表示“砸落”
- on our family:地点状语(引申义),表示“砸在我们家”
- like a cold stone:方式状语,表示“像一块冰冷的石头”
- I:主语
- watched:谓语动词
- her:宾语
- nurse her fear:宾语补足语,省略 to 的不定式,watch sb do sth 结构,表示“小心翼翼地对待恐惧”
- She:主语
- did:谓语动词
- it:宾语
- the way a nurse watches a patient:方式状语,the way 引导方式状语从句,表示“就像护士照料病人那样”
- She:主语
- faced:谓语动词,表示“应对”
- one symptom at a time:宾语,表示“一次一个症状”
- and:并列连词
- one small victory at a time:并列宾语,表示“一次一个小小的胜利”
- Her temperature:主语
- was checked:谓语,被动语态
- at room temperature:方式状语,表示“在室温下”
- every evening:时间状语,表示“每天傍晚”
- She:主语
- learned:谓语动词
- to hate the taste of the medicine:宾语,不定式短语,表示“厌恶药的味道”
- but:转折连词,连接两个不定式宾语
- never to hate the people around her:并列宾语,表示“却从不厌恶身边的人”
- Some days:时间状语,表示“有些日子”
- it:形式主语
- took:谓语动词
- every nerve:宾语,表示“全部勇气”
- to keep going:真正主语,不定式短语,表示“继续坚持下去”
- So:结果连词,表示“于是”
- I:主语
- taught:谓语动词
- her:间接宾语
- to concentrate on one small step:宾语,不定式短语,表示“专注于一小步”
- and:并列连词
- to concentrate all her strength on breathing:并列宾语,表示“把全部力气集中到呼吸上”
- The consultant who treated her:主语,其中 who treated her 是定语从句修饰 consultant
- was:系动词
- kind:表语,表示“和蔼”
- He:主语
- told:谓语动词
- us:间接宾语
- the tumour had been caught early enough to give her real hope:宾语从句,作 told 的直接宾语
The factory across the river used to employ eight hundred people, but it shut down two winters ago. Now the great hall where the machines once roared stands silent. The only sound is the knock of rain on the roof. When I knock on the door of the old office, no one answers. The owners imposed a ban on any new construction. The town put the whole site under repair, in the hope of attracting new business. A panel of experts made a conservative estimate of the cost. But the final expenditure always seemed to exceed it. Each new expenditure only deepened the uncertainty. The uncertainty of the future weighed on every family. Every family owed its living to the internal market of our region.
河对岸的那家工厂曾经雇用了八百名工人,但它在两个冬天前停工了。如今,机器曾轰鸣过的巨大厂房静静地立着。唯一的声音是雨水敲打屋顶的声响。当我敲那间旧办公室的门时,没有人应答。业主们对任何新建工程实施了禁令。镇上把整个厂区置于维修之中,希望能吸引新的生意。一个专家小组对成本做了保守估计。但最终的支出似乎总是超出估计。每一次新的支出都只会加深不确定性。对未来的不确定性压在我们每一个家庭身上。每一个家庭都靠我们地区的内部市场谋生。
- The factory across the river:主语,其中 across the river 修饰 factory
- used to employ:谓语,used to 表示过去习惯
- eight hundred people:宾语
- but:转折连词
- it:第二分句的主语
- shut down:谓语,短语动词,表示“停工、关闭”
- two winters ago:时间状语,表示“两个冬天前”
- Now:时间状语,表示“如今”
- the great hall where the machines once roared:主语,其中 where the machines once roared 是定语从句修饰 hall
- stands:谓语(系动词)
- silent:表语,表示“静静地”
- The only sound:主语
- is:系动词
- the knock of rain on the roof:表语,表示“雨水敲打屋顶的声响”
- When I knock on the door of the old office:时间状语从句,when 引导,表示“当我敲那间旧办公室的门时”
- no one:主语
- answers:谓语动词
- The owners:主语
- imposed:谓语动词
- a ban:宾语
- on any new construction:状语,impose a ban on sth 结构,表示“对任何新建工程”
- The town:主语
- put:谓语动词
- the whole site:宾语
- under repair:宾语补足语,put sth under repair 结构,表示“处于维修之中”
- in the hope of attracting new business:目的状语,表示“希望能吸引新生意”
- A panel of experts:主语
- made:谓语动词
- a conservative estimate:宾语
- of the cost:后置定语,修饰 estimate,表示“对成本的(估计)”
- But:转折连词
- the final expenditure:主语
- always:频率状语
- seemed:系动词,表示“似乎”
- to exceed it:表语,不定式短语,表示“超出估计”
- Each new expenditure:主语
- only:状语,表示“只是”
- deepened:谓语动词
- the uncertainty:宾语
- The uncertainty of the future:主语,其中 of the future 修饰 uncertainty
- weighed on:谓语,短语动词,表示“压在……身上”
- every family:宾语
- Every family:主语
- owed:谓语动词
- its living:宾语
- to the internal market of our region:状语,owe sth to sth 结构,表示“靠我们地区的内部市场(谋生)”
Climate change has become more than a phrase in the newspaper. It is now a threat that lives next door. The rising sea could pose a threat to the whole shore. The extreme weather of recent summers has become routine. Checking the river level is now part of my daily routine. The seeds we plant in spring often drown before they can grow. The flood waters that once visited only the shore now reach our front doors. A smart device on my phone sends me an alarm whenever the river rises. That alarm has become a sound I dread. My smart young nephew had to teach me how to use it.
气候变化已经不只是报纸上的一个词。它如今是一个住在隔壁的威胁。不断上涨的海水可能对整个海岸构成威胁。近几个夏天的极端天气已成了常态。查看河水水位如今成了我日常生活的一部分。我们在春天播下的种子常常在长大之前就被淹死。那些曾经只光顾海岸的洪水,现在却漫到了我们的家门口。我手机上的一个智能设备会在河水上涨时给我发来警报。那个警报声已经成了我害怕听到的声音。是我那个机灵的小侄子教我如何使用它的。
- Climate change:主语
- has become:系动词,现在完成时
- more than a phrase in the newspaper:表语,more than 结构,表示“不只是报纸上的一个词”
- It:主语
- is:系动词
- now:时间状语
- a threat that lives next door:表语,其中 that lives next door 是定语从句修饰 threat
- The rising sea:主语
- could pose:谓语,表示“可能构成”
- a threat:宾语
- to the whole shore:后置定语,pose a threat to 结构,表示“对整个海岸”
- The extreme weather of recent summers:主语,其中 of recent summers 修饰 weather
- has become:系动词,现在完成时
- routine:表语,表示“常态”
- Checking the river level:主语,动名词短语
- is:系动词
- now:时间状语
- part of my daily routine:表语,表示“我日常生活的一部分”
- The seeds we plant in spring:主语,其中 we plant in spring 是定语从句(省略 that)修饰 seeds
- often:频率状语
- drown:谓语动词,表示“淹死”
- before they can grow:时间状语从句,before 引导,表示“在长大之前”
- The flood waters that once visited only the shore:主语,其中 that once visited only the shore 是定语从句修饰 waters
- now:时间状语
- reach:谓语动词
- our front doors:宾语
- A smart device on my phone:主语,其中 on my phone 修饰 device
- sends:谓语动词
- me:间接宾语
- an alarm:直接宾语
- whenever the river rises:时间状语从句,whenever 引导,表示“每当河水上涨时”
- That alarm:主语
- has become:系动词,现在完成时
- a sound I dread:表语,其中 I dread 是定语从句(省略 that)修饰 sound
- My smart young nephew:主语
- had to teach:谓语,had to 表示“不得不”
- me:间接宾语
- how to use it:宾语,how+不定式结构,作 teach 的直接宾语,表示“如何使用它”
Last spring I decided to go on a journey. I left the port city for a week. I took a motor vehicle north, a small truck that a friend lent me. So I could see the country my grandmother always described. Her description was full of colour, and I wanted to bear witness to it with my own eyes. On the road I passed one van and one truck after another. Not a single vehicle moved without carrying goods from the port. The journey home felt shorter than the journey out. At night I slept in a tiny inn. Its rooms were empty except for the sound of the wind.
去年春天,我决定去旅行。我离开港口城市一周。我开着一辆机动车向北驶去,那是一辆朋友借给我的小卡车。这样我就能亲眼看看祖母总是描绘的那片乡村。她的描述充满了色彩,我想亲眼去见证它。在路上,一辆又一辆的厢式货车和卡车从我身边驶过。没有一辆车不是载着港口的货物在行驶。回家的旅程比出发时感觉更短。夜里我睡在一家小旅店里。那里的房间空荡荡的,只有风声。
- Last spring:时间状语,表示“去年春天”
- I:主语
- decided:谓语动词
- to go on a journey:宾语,不定式短语,decide to do sth 结构,表示“去旅行”
- I:主语
- left:谓语动词
- the port city:宾语
- for a week:时间状语,表示“一周”
- I:主语
- took:谓语动词
- a motor vehicle:宾语
- north:方向状语,表示“向北”
- a small truck that a friend lent me:同位语,补充说明 a motor vehicle;其中 that a friend lent me 是定语从句修饰 truck
- So:结果连词,表示“这样”
- I:主语
- could see:谓语,表示“能亲眼看看”
- the country my grandmother always described:宾语,其中 my grandmother always described 是定语从句修饰 country
- Her description:主语
- was:系动词
- full of colour:表语,表示“充满色彩”
- and:并列连词
- I:第二分句的主语
- wanted:谓语动词
- to bear witness to it:宾语,不定式短语,bear witness to 结构,表示“见证它”
- with my own eyes:方式状语,表示“亲眼”
- On the road:地点状语,表示“在路上”
- I:主语
- passed:谓语动词
- one van and one truck after another:宾语,表示“一辆又一辆的厢式货车和卡车”
- Not a single vehicle:主语
- moved:谓语动词
- without carrying goods from the port:伴随状语,without+动名词结构,表示“没有载着港口的货物”
- The journey home:主语
- felt:系动词,表示“感觉”
- shorter:表语,比较级
- than the journey out:比较状语,表示“比出发时(的旅程)”
- At night:时间状语,表示“夜里”
- I:主语
- slept:谓语动词
- in a tiny inn:地点状语,表示“在一家小旅店里”
- Its rooms:主语
- were:系动词
- empty:表语,表示“空荡荡的”
- except for the sound of the wind:状语,表示“只有风声”
When I returned, we celebrated my father's birthday. We gathered in the old hall. The table was bright with a bowl of fruit, a bottle of red wine, and a cake. My mother had baked the cake. My father is usually so quiet. But he became gay and light-hearted. He sat down at the piano to play a song from his youth. The ceremony was simple but full of warmth. "Good luck," he said when he raised his glass. "And keep a secret for me: this was the best day I have had in years," he added. We all promised to keep it.
我回来之后,我们庆祝了父亲的生日。我们聚在老会堂里。桌上摆着一碗水果、一瓶红酒,还有一个蛋糕,显得格外明亮。那个蛋糕是母亲烤的。我的父亲一向沉默寡言。但他变得快活而轻松。他坐到钢琴前弹起了一首他年轻时的歌。仪式很简单,却充满了温暖。他举起酒杯时说:“祝好运。”他又补充道:“再替我保守一个秘密:这是我多年来过得最好的一天。”我们都答应保守这个秘密。
- When I returned:时间状语从句,When 引导,表示“我回来之后”
- we:主语
- celebrated:谓语动词
- my father's birthday:宾语,表示“父亲的生日”
- We:主语
- gathered:谓语动词
- in the old hall:地点状语,表示“在老会堂里”
- The table:主语
- was:系动词
- bright:表语,表示“明亮”
- with a bowl of fruit, a bottle of red wine, and a cake:伴随状语,with 引导,说明桌上摆着的东西
- My mother:主语
- had baked:谓语,过去完成时
- the cake:宾语
- My father:主语
- is:系动词
- usually:频率状语
- so quiet:表语,表示“如此沉默寡言”
- But:转折连词,连接上下文
- he:主语
- became:系动词
- gay and light-hearted:表语,表示“快活而轻松”
- He:主语
- sat down:谓语,短语动词
- at the piano:地点状语,表示“在钢琴前”
- to play a song from his youth:目的状语,不定式短语,其中 from his youth 修饰 song
- The ceremony:主语
- was:系动词
- simple but full of warmth:表语,两个并列的形容词短语
- "Good luck,":宾语,直接引语,表示“祝好运”
- he:主语
- said:谓语动词
- when he raised his glass:时间状语从句,when 引导,修饰 said,表示“举起酒杯时”
- "And keep a secret for me: this was the best day I have had in years,":宾语,直接引语,表示“再替我保守一个秘密:这是我多年来过得最好的一天”
- he:主语
- added:谓语动词,表示“补充道”
- We all:主语,all 是同位语强调“我们所有人”
- promised:谓语动词
- to keep it:宾语,不定式短语,表示“保守它”
The city has never been easy about change. Some of our neighbours are conservative, and they resist every new idea. Others are more liberal and welcome it. I try not to shout at either side. A shout only drives people further apart. There is a quiet victory in listening. The town council finally decided to win a victory for the young by opening a new library. Though the restriction on spending was strict, the money was found in the end. The arrival of the first books brought real excitement to the street.
这座城市从来都不容易接受改变。我们的一些邻居很保守,他们抵制每一个新想法。另一些人则更开明,乐于接受。我尽量不对任何一方大喊大叫。喊叫只会把人们推得更远。倾听之中自有一种安静的胜利。镇议会最终决定为年轻人赢得一场胜利——开办一座新图书馆。尽管开支方面的限制很严格,钱最终还是凑齐了。第一批书到达时,整条街都洋溢着真正的兴奋。
- The city:主语
- has never been:系动词,现在完成时否定
- easy:表语,表示“容易接受”
- about change:状语,修饰 easy,表示“对变化”
- Some of our neighbours:主语
- are:系动词
- conservative:表语,表示“保守”
- and:并列连词
- they:第二分句的主语
- resist:谓语动词
- every new idea:宾语
- Others:主语
- are:系动词
- more liberal:表语,表示“更开明”
- and:并列连词,连接 are 和 welcome
- welcome it:并列谓语,it 指代新想法
- I:主语
- try:谓语动词
- not to shout:宾语,不定式短语,表示“不去大喊”
- at either side:状语,修饰 shout,表示“对任何一方”
- A shout:主语
- only:状语,表示“只是”
- drives:谓语动词
- people:宾语
- further apart:宾语补足语,表示“更远、更疏离”
- There:There be 结构的引导词
- is:谓语,There be 结构
- a quiet victory:主语(真正主语),表示“一种安静的胜利”
- in listening:状语,修饰 victory,表示“在倾听中”
- The town council:主语
- finally:时间状语,表示“最终”
- decided:谓语动词
- to win a victory for the young:宾语,不定式短语,表示“为年轻人赢得一场胜利”
- by opening a new library:方式状语,表示“通过开办新图书馆”
- Though the restriction on spending was strict:让步状语从句,Though 引导
- the money:主句主语
- was found:谓语,被动语态
- in the end:时间状语,表示“最终”
- The arrival of the first books:主语
- brought:谓语动词
- real excitement:宾语
- to the street:状语,修饰 brought,表示“给整条街”
My nephew is a teenager now. He spends most evenings in the library, his head bent over books about science and the liberal arts. We chat for hours about the origin of the stars and the dimension of the universe. His excitement is a gift to me. The teachers grade the papers fairly, and his grade has improved every term. He is the hero of his own small story, the way every young person should be. His friendship with the boy next door has added a new dimension to his life.
我的侄子如今是个十几岁的少年了。他大多数晚上都待在图书馆里,埋头读着关于科学和文科的书。我们会一连聊上几个小时,聊恒星的起源、宇宙的尺度。他的兴奋对我来说是一份礼物。老师们公正地评定试卷,他的成绩每个学期都有进步。他是自己那个小小故事里的主人公,每个年轻人都该如此。他与隔壁那个男孩的友谊,给他的生活增添了一个新的维度。
- My nephew:主语
- is:系动词
- a teenager:表语,表示“十几岁的少年”
- now:时间状语
- He:主语
- spends:谓语动词
- most evenings:宾语
- in the library:地点状语,表示“在图书馆里”
- his head bent over books about science and the liberal arts:独立主格结构,作伴随状语,表示“埋头读着关于科学和文科的书”
- We:主语
- chat:谓语动词
- for hours:时间状语,表示“一连几个小时”
- about the origin of the stars and the dimension of the universe:状语,修饰 chat,表示聊天内容
- His excitement:主语
- is:系动词
- a gift to me:表语,其中 to me 修饰 gift
- The teachers:主语
- grade:谓语动词,表示“评定”
- the papers:宾语
- fairly:方式状语,表示“公正地”
- and:并列连词
- his grade:第二分句的主语
- has improved:谓语,现在完成时
- every term:时间状语,表示“每个学期”
- He:主语
- is:系动词
- the hero of his own small story:表语,表示“自己那个小故事里的主人公”
- the way every young person should be:方式状语,the way 引导方式状语从句,表示“就像每个年轻人都该如此”
- His friendship with the boy next door:主语,其中 with the boy next door 修饰 friendship
- has added:谓语,现在完成时
- a new dimension:宾语
- to his life:状语,add sth to sth 结构,表示“给他的生活”
That boy is gay, and he was afraid to say so for a long time. When he finally told his parents, there was no anger, only a long silence and then an embrace. A neighbour once said cruel things about him, and I had to counter every word with the truth. It is strange how a small mind can bind a whole family. But love is stronger than any such restriction or any ban. Our city has also had to think hard about other questions. The debate over abortion divided even close friends for a time.
那个男孩是同性恋,很久以来他都不敢说出来。当他最终告诉父母时,没有愤怒,只有长久的沉默,然后是拥抱。曾有一个邻居说了些关于他的刻薄话,我不得不逐字逐句地用真相去回击。奇怪的是,一颗狭隘的心竟能束缚住整个家庭。但爱比任何这样的限制或禁令都更强大。我们的城市也不得不认真思考其他问题。关于堕胎的争论甚至一度让亲密的朋友分道扬镳。
- That boy:主语
- is:系动词
- gay:表语
- and:并列连词
- he:第二分句的主语
- was afraid:谓语,be afraid 结构,表示“害怕”
- to say so:状语,不定式短语,说明 afraid 的内容,表示“说出来”
- for a long time:时间状语,表示“很久以来”
- When he finally told his parents:时间状语从句,When 引导
- there:There be 结构的引导词
- was:谓语,There be 结构
- no anger:主语(真正主语),表示“没有愤怒”
- only a long silence and then an embrace:补充成分,与 no anger 并列,表示“只有长久的沉默,然后是拥抱”
- A neighbour:主语
- once:时间状语,表示“曾经”
- said:谓语动词
- cruel things:宾语
- about him:状语,修饰 cruel things,表示“关于他”
- and:并列连词
- I:第二分句的主语
- had to counter:谓语,had to 表示“不得不”
- every word:宾语
- with the truth:方式状语,表示“用真相”
- It:形式主语
- is:系动词
- strange:表语,表示“奇怪”
- how a small mind can bind a whole family:主语从句(真正主语),how 引导;从句中 a small mind 是主语、can bind 是谓语、a whole family 是宾语
- But:转折连词
- love:主语
- is:系动词
- stronger:表语,比较级
- than any such restriction or any ban:比较状语,表示“比任何这样的限制或禁令”
- Our city:主语
- has also had to think:谓语,has had to 结构,also 是状语
- hard:方式状语,表示“认真地”
- about other questions:状语,修饰 think,表示“关于其他问题”
- The debate over abortion:主语,其中 over abortion 修饰 debate
- divided:谓语动词
- even close friends:宾语,even 修饰
- for a time:时间状语,表示“一度”
Through all of this I have come to see the world with new eyes. But the world itself has not grown any easier. A slight wound on my shoulder still aches on cold mornings. It is a reminder of the night I helped carry a stranger out of the flood. I do not hesitate to say that our lives have become more dangerous. But I also believe we are more honest now. The internal machinery of a community is the mechanism that holds it together. It is built from small acts of courage. Denial is the most common defense mechanism of a frightened town.
经历了这一切,我学会了用新的眼光看待这个世界。但这个世界本身并没有变得更容易。我肩膀上的一道轻微伤口在寒冷的早晨仍会隐隐作痛。它让我想起那个夜晚,我曾把一个陌生人从洪水中抬出来。我会毫不犹豫地说,我们的生活变得更危险了。但我也相信我们现在更诚实了。一个社区内在的机器,就是那套把它凝聚在一起的机制。它由一个个小小的勇敢之举构成。否认则是一座惶恐的城镇最常见的防御机制。
- Through all of this:状语,表示“经历了这一切”
- I:主语
- have come to see:谓语,come to do sth 结构,表示“逐渐学会”
- the world:宾语
- with new eyes:方式状语,表示“用新的眼光”
- But:转折连词,连接上下文
- the world itself:主语
- has not grown:系动词,现在完成时否定
- any easier:表语,比较级,表示“更容易一些”
- A slight wound on my shoulder:主语,其中 on my shoulder 修饰 wound
- still:频率状语,表示“仍”
- aches:谓语动词,表示“隐隐作痛”
- on cold mornings:时间状语,表示“在寒冷的早晨”
- It:主语
- is:系动词
- a reminder of the night I helped carry a stranger out of the flood:表语,其中 of the night 修饰 reminder、I helped carry a stranger out of the flood 是定语从句修饰 night
- I:主语
- do not hesitate:谓语,否定形式,表示“毫不犹豫”
- to say:状语,不定式短语
- that our lives have become more dangerous:宾语从句,作 say 的宾语
- But:转折连词
- I:主语
- also:状语,表示“也”
- believe:谓语动词
- we are more honest now:宾语从句,作 believe 的宾语(省略 that)
- The internal machinery of a community:主语
- is:系动词
- the mechanism that holds it together:表语,其中 that holds it together 是定语从句修饰 mechanism
- It:主语,指代社区的机器
- is built:谓语,被动语态
- from small acts of courage:状语,表示“由一个个小小的勇敢之举构成”
- Denial:主语
- is:系动词
- the most common defense mechanism of a frightened town:表语,其中 of a frightened town 修饰 mechanism
People sometimes ask me what a nurse can truly change. I point to the empty beds that fill and empty again, and to the hands that bind a wound. I point to the quiet moment when a patient takes my hand. The framework of a hospital is only steel and glass. Its real strength is the friendship that grows between people. These people have learned to depend on one another. We dedicate our lives to this work regardless of the pay. We do it regardless of our own fatigue. The true riches of the city consist in its people, not its buildings.
人们有时会问我,一名护士究竟能改变什么。我指向那些空了又满、满了又空的病床,也指向那双包扎伤口的手。我指向病人握住我的手的那一刻宁静。医院的框架不过是钢筋和玻璃。它真正的力量在于人们之间生长出的友谊。这些人已经学会彼此依靠。无论报酬如何,我们都把自己的一生奉献给这份工作。无论多么疲惫,我们依然坚持。这座城市真正的财富在于它的人民,而不是它的建筑。
- People:主语
- sometimes:频率状语
- ask:谓语动词
- me:间接宾语
- what a nurse can truly change:宾语从句,what 引导;从句中 a nurse 是主语、can truly change 是谓语、what 是宾语
- I:主语
- point:谓语动词
- to the empty beds that fill and empty again:状语,point to 结构,其中 that fill and empty again 是定语从句修饰 beds
- and:并列连词
- to the hands that bind a wound:并列状语,其中 that bind a wound 是定语从句修饰 hands
- I:主语
- point:谓语动词
- to the quiet moment when a patient takes my hand:状语,其中 when a patient takes my hand 是定语从句修饰 moment
- The framework of a hospital:主语
- is:系动词
- only steel and glass:表语,only 是状语,表示“只是钢筋和玻璃”
- Its real strength:主语
- is:系动词
- the friendship that grows between people:表语,其中 that grows between people 是定语从句修饰 friendship
- These people:主语
- have learned:谓语,现在完成时
- to depend on one another:宾语,不定式短语,表示“彼此依靠”
- We:主语
- dedicate:谓语动词
- our lives:宾语
- to this work:状语,dedicate sth to sth 结构,表示“奉献给这份工作”
- regardless of the pay:让步状语,regardless of 结构,表示“无论报酬如何”
- We:主语
- do:谓语动词
- it:宾语
- regardless of our own fatigue:让步状语,表示“无论自己多么疲惫”
- The true riches of the city:主语
- consist in:谓语,consist in 结构,表示“在于”
- its people:宾语
- not its buildings:补充成分,表示“而不是它的建筑”
We have also learned to adapt, and the city has begun to evolve, slowly, like a living thing. A new motor now drives the water pumps. Engineers have redesigned every component of the old drainage system, down to the smallest gear. They study the measurement of every wall. They record each measurement in a thick book. They inspect the square meters of every floor. They inspect the interior of every pipe, and the interior of every low house. Then they reverse the flow of the old channels. Then the water runs back toward the sea. A consultant from the capital came to help. His input showed us the whole scope of what we must do. The scope of the work still frightens me. But I no longer feel blind to it. I have learned to adapt my own habits while the city continues to evolve.
我们也学会了适应,而这座城市已经开始慢慢地演变,就像一个有生命的活物。一台新的马达如今驱动着水泵。工程师们重新设计了旧排水系统的每一个组件,直到最小的齿轮。他们研究每一面墙的测量数据。他们把每一次测量都记录在厚厚的本子里。他们检查每一层楼的平方米数。他们检查每一根管子的内部,也检查每一座低矮房屋的内部。然后他们反转旧水渠的流向。于是水重新奔向大海。一位来自首都的顾问前来帮忙。他的意见让我们看清了自己必须做的一切的全貌。这项工作的规模依然让我害怕。但我不再对它视而不见了。在这座城市继续演变的同时,我也学会了调整自己的习惯。
- We:主语
- have also learned:谓语,现在完成时,also 是状语
- to adapt:宾语,不定式短语,表示“适应”
- and:并列连词
- the city:第二分句的主语
- has begun:谓语,现在完成时
- to evolve:宾语,不定式短语,表示“演变”
- slowly:方式状语,表示“慢慢地”
- like a living thing:方式状语,表示“像有生命的活物”
- A new motor:主语
- now:时间状语,表示“如今”
- drives:谓语动词
- the water pumps:宾语
- Engineers:主语
- have redesigned:谓语,现在完成时
- every component of the old drainage system:宾语,其中 of the old drainage system 修饰 component
- down to the smallest gear:状语,表示“直到最小的齿轮”
- They:主语
- study:谓语动词
- the measurement of every wall:宾语,表示“每一面墙的测量数据”
- They:主语
- record:谓语动词
- each measurement:宾语
- in a thick book:地点状语,表示“在厚厚的本子里”
- They:主语
- inspect:谓语动词
- the square meters of every floor:宾语,表示“每一层楼的平方米数”
- They:主语
- inspect:谓语动词
- the interior of every pipe:宾语
- and:并列连词
- the interior of every low house:并列宾语
- Then:时间状语,表示“然后”
- they:主语
- reverse:谓语动词
- the flow of the old channels:宾语,表示“旧水渠的流向”
- Then:时间状语,表示“于是”
- the water:主语
- runs:谓语动词
- back toward the sea:方向状语,表示“重新奔向大海”
- A consultant from the capital:主语,其中 from the capital 修饰 consultant
- came:谓语动词
- to help:目的状语,不定式短语
- His input:主语
- showed:谓语动词
- us:间接宾语
- the whole scope of what we must do:直接宾语,其中 of what we must do 修饰 scope
- The scope of the work:主语
- still:频率状语,表示“仍”
- frightens:谓语动词
- me:宾语
- But:转折连词
- I:主语
- no longer:时间状语,表示“不再”
- feel:谓语(系动词)
- blind:表语,表示“看不见、盲目”
- to it:状语,修饰 blind,表示“对它”
- I:主语
- have learned:谓语,现在完成时
- to adapt my own habits:宾语,不定式短语,表示“调整自己的习惯”
- while the city continues to evolve:时间状语从句,while 引导,表示“在城市继续演变的同时”
There was a night last month when the river rose higher than anyone could remember. The alarm sounded, and for one long hour I felt the old panic return. A woman began to shout at the workers at the gate. Her shout cut through the rain. So we all rushed to shut the windows and move the children upstairs. We did not escape from the storm without loss; two houses fell and a good man was hurt. But no life was lost. In the morning, the dramatic rescue of a little girl from the roof of a van became the story. The whole city told the story for weeks. But the change in the weather had been dramatic in a quieter way too.
上个月有一个夜晚,河水涨得比任何人记忆中的都要高。警报响了,在漫长的一个小时里,我感觉到旧日的恐慌又回来了。一个女人开始对着大门口的工人们大喊。她的喊声穿透了雨幕。于是我们都冲过去关上窗户,把孩子们转移到楼上。我们没能毫无损失地从这场风暴中逃脱;两座房子倒塌了,一个好人也受了伤。但没有一个人丧生。第二天早晨,一个小女孩从一辆厢式货车车顶上被戏剧性地救出来的故事,成了大家的话题。全城人一连讲这个故事讲了好几个星期。不过,天气的变化本身也以一种更安静的方式发生了骤变。
- There:There be 结构的引导词
- was:谓语,There be 结构,表示“有”
- a night:主语(真正主语),表示“一个夜晚”
- last month:时间状语,表示“上个月”
- when the river rose higher than anyone could remember:定语从句,when 引导,修饰 a night
- The alarm:主语
- sounded:谓语动词,表示“响起”
- and:并列连词
- for one long hour:时间状语,表示“在漫长的一个小时里”
- I:第二分句的主语
- felt:谓语动词
- the old panic:宾语
- return:宾语补足语,省略 to 的不定式,feel sth do sth 结构
- A woman:主语
- began:谓语动词
- to shout:宾语,不定式短语,begin to do sth 结构
- at the workers at the gate:状语,shout at 结构,表示“对着大门口的工人们”
- Her shout:主语
- cut through:谓语,短语动词,表示“穿透”
- the rain:宾语
- So:结果连词,表示“于是”
- we all:主语
- rushed:谓语动词
- to shut the windows and move the children upstairs:目的状语,不定式短语,表示“去关窗户、把孩子们转移到楼上”
- We:主语
- did not escape:谓语,否定形式
- from the storm:状语,escape from 结构,表示“从这场风暴中”
- without loss:状语,表示“没有损失”
- two houses:第二分句的主语(分号后)
- fell:谓语动词,表示“倒塌”
- and:并列连词
- a good man:并列主语
- was hurt:谓语,被动语态,表示“受了伤”
- But:转折连词,连接上下文
- no life:主语
- was lost:谓语,被动语态,表示“丧生”
- In the morning:时间状语,表示“第二天早晨”
- the dramatic rescue of a little girl from the roof of a van:主语,其中 of a little girl from the roof of a van 修饰 rescue
- became:系动词
- the story:表语
- The whole city:主语
- told:谓语动词
- the story:宾语
- for weeks:时间状语,表示“一连好几个星期”
- But:转折连词,连接上下文
- the change in the weather:主语
- had been:系动词,过去完成时
- dramatic:表语,表示“骤变的”
- in a quieter way too:状语,表示“也以一种更安静的方式”
That girl's mother calls me a hero. But the true hero was the water itself. It finally agreed to leave. We all owe something to luck, and we were fortunate that night. The new school year begins, and the teenagers return to their classrooms. I think about what we have witnessed. I think about what a witness is worth. I think about the vision of a city that can rise again. We have seen a city undergo a slow change. We have watched it fulfill a promise. It never knew it had made that promise. Great events undergo many retellings, and a town can fulfill its hopes only when it works together. To stimulate a whole community and to stimulate hope itself is the work of many hands, not one. To inspire the community to rise is the work of many hands too. Such work can also inspire the next generation to do the same.
那个女孩的母亲称我为英雄。但真正的英雄是那河水本身。它终于同意退去了。我们都欠运气一点什么,那一夜我们很幸运。新学年开始了,少年们回到教室。我思考着我们见证过的一切。我思考着一个目击者价值几何。我思考着一座能够再次崛起的城市的图景。我们看着一座城市经历了一场缓慢的变革。我们看着它履行了一个承诺。它自己都不知道自己曾许下过那个承诺。重大的事件会经历许多次复述,而一座城镇只有齐心协力才能实现它的希望。激励整个社区,激励希望本身,是许多双手、而非一双手的工作。鼓舞它重新振作,同样也是许多双手的工作。这样的工作也能激励下一代去做同样的事。
- That girl's mother:主语
- calls:谓语动词
- me:宾语
- a hero:宾语补足语,call sb sth 结构,表示“称我为英雄”
- But:转折连词
- the true hero:主语
- was:系动词
- the water itself:表语,itself 是同位语强调 the water
- It:主语,指代河水
- finally:状语,表示“终于”
- agreed:谓语动词
- to leave:宾语,不定式短语,表示“退去”
- We all:主语,all 是同位语
- owe:谓语动词
- something:宾语
- to luck:状语,owe sth to sb 结构,表示“欠运气”
- and:并列连词
- we:第二分句的主语
- were:系动词
- fortunate:表语,表示“幸运”
- that night:时间状语,表示“那一夜”
- The new school year:主语
- begins:谓语动词,表示“开始”
- and:并列连词
- the teenagers:第二分句的主语
- return:谓语动词
- to their classrooms:状语,表示“回到教室”
- I:主语
- think about:谓语,短语动词,表示“思考”
- what we have witnessed:宾语从句,what 引导,表示“我们见证过的一切”
- I:主语
- think about:谓语,短语动词
- what a witness is worth:宾语从句,表示“目击者价值几何”
- I:主语
- think about:谓语,短语动词
- the vision of a city that can rise again:宾语,其中 of a city that can rise again 修饰 vision、that can rise again 是定语从句修饰 city
- We:主语
- have seen:谓语,现在完成时
- a city:宾语
- undergo a slow change:宾语补足语,省略 to 的不定式,see sb do sth 结构
- We:主语
- have watched:谓语,现在完成时
- it:宾语
- fulfill a promise:宾语补足语,省略 to 的不定式,watch sb do sth 结构
- It:主语
- never:状语,表示“从未”
- knew:谓语动词
- it had made that promise:宾语从句,作 knew 的宾语
- Great events:主语
- undergo:谓语动词
- many retellings:宾语,表示“许多次复述”
- and:并列连词
- a town:第二分句的主语
- can fulfill:谓语
- its hopes:宾语
- only when it works together:时间状语从句,only when 引导,表示“只有齐心协力时”
- To stimulate a whole community and to stimulate hope itself:主语,两个并列的不定式短语作主语
- is:系动词
- the work of many hands, not one:表语,表示“许多双手而非一双手的工作”
- To inspire the community to rise:主语,不定式短语作主语
- is:系动词
- the work of many hands too:表语,too 表示“同样”
- Such work:主语
- can also inspire:谓语,also 是状语,表示“也能激励”
- the next generation:宾语
- to do the same:宾语补足语,inspire sb to do sth 结构,表示“去做同样的事”
As the year ends, our town holds a small festival. Virtually everyone in the city comes to watch. An actor from the capital performed a one-man play. A few teenagers staged a show that cost them virtually nothing. A charity in the city raised money for the families who lost their homes. Another charity sent warm clothes. So no child had to shiver in a thin shirt. The organizers gave a prize to the young engineer who helped repair the old pump. The mayor read aloud an evaluation of the year. A band played on the steps of the hall. Children took turns on a swing beneath the trees. It took all my nerve to hold back my tears. Hence the whole city felt, for one evening, that we were blessed. May fortune bless this place. May it stay, regardless of what comes, as generous as the royal family of legend.
年末时,我们镇举办了一个小节日。城里几乎人人都来观看。一位来自首都的演员演了一出独角戏。几个少年排了一出几乎没花什么钱的小剧。城里的一家慈善机构为失去家园的家庭筹了款。另一家慈善机构送来了暖和的衣服。这样就没有哪个孩子得穿着单薄的衬衫瑟瑟发抖了。组织者们给那位帮忙修好旧水泵的年轻工程师颁了奖。市长则大声朗读了一份年度评估报告。一支乐队在会堂的台阶上演奏。孩子们在树下的秋千上轮流荡着。我用尽全部勇气才忍住了眼泪。因此,那一晚全城的人都觉得我们受到了庇佑。愿幸运之神保佑这个地方。愿它无论未来如何,都能像传说中的王室那样慷慨。
- As the year ends:时间状语从句,As 引导,表示“年末时”
- our town:主语
- holds:谓语动词
- a small festival:宾语,表示“一个小节日”
- Virtually everyone in the city:主语,其中 in the city 修饰 everyone
- comes:谓语动词
- to watch:目的状语,不定式短语,表示“来观看”
- An actor from the capital:主语,其中 from the capital 修饰 actor
- performed:谓语动词
- a one-man play:宾语,表示“独角戏”
- A few teenagers:主语
- staged:谓语动词
- a show that cost them virtually nothing:宾语,其中 that cost them virtually nothing 是定语从句修饰 show
- A charity in the city:主语,其中 in the city 修饰 charity
- raised:谓语动词
- money:宾语
- for the families who lost their homes:状语,其中 who lost their homes 是定语从句修饰 families
- Another charity:主语
- sent:谓语动词
- warm clothes:宾语
- So:结果连词,表示“这样”
- no child:主语
- had to shiver:谓语,had to 表示“不得不”
- in a thin shirt:状语,表示“穿着单薄的衬衫”
- The organizers:主语
- gave:谓语动词
- a prize:宾语
- to the young engineer who helped repair the old pump:状语,give sth to sb 结构,其中 who helped repair the old pump 是定语从句修饰 engineer
- The mayor:主语
- read:谓语动词
- aloud:方式状语,表示“大声地”
- an evaluation of the year:宾语,其中 of the year 修饰 evaluation
- A band:主语
- played:谓语动词
- on the steps of the hall:地点状语,表示“在会堂的台阶上”
- Children:主语
- took turns:谓语,take turns 结构,表示“轮流”
- on a swing beneath the trees:地点状语,表示“在树下的秋千上”
- It:形式主语
- took:谓语动词
- all my nerve:宾语,表示“全部勇气”
- to hold back my tears:真正主语,不定式短语,表示“忍住眼泪”
- Hence:连接副词,表示“因此”
- the whole city:主语
- felt:谓语动词
- for one evening:时间状语(插入语),表示“那一晚”
- that we were blessed:宾语从句,作 felt 的宾语
- May:情态动词,May... 祈愿句式,表示“愿”
- fortune:主语
- bless:谓语动词
- this place:宾语
- May:情态动词(祈愿句式)
- it:主语
- stay:谓语动词,表示“保持”
- regardless of what comes:让步状语,regardless of 结构,表示“无论未来如何”
- as generous as the royal family of legend:比较状语,as...as 结构,表示“像传说中的王室那样慷慨”