A lady had spent much of her life in the east. She returned to the remote town in the west where she was born. She was a reporter by trade and a novelist by habit. She had just finished her third novel. For eighty years her family had lived beside the sea. She believed the town still held a fortune of stories worth telling. She carried a notebook bound in faded leather. In June she packed a single bag and took the train. She was determined to proceed with her research at a slow, careful pace. She would proceed only when she was sure of her facts.
一位女士大半生都在东部度过。她回到了西部那个她出生的偏远小镇。她以记者为职业,以小说家为习惯。她刚刚完成了她的第三部小说。八十年来,她的家人一直住在海边。她相信这个小镇仍然藏着许多值得讲述的故事。她带着一本褪色皮革装订的笔记本。六月里,她收拾好一个行李袋,坐上了火车。她决心以缓慢而谨慎的步调继续她的研究。只有确信事实无误时,她才会继续推进。
- A lady:主语,表示“一位女士”
- had spent:谓语动词,过去完成时,表示“度过”
- much of her life:宾语,表示“她的大半生”
- in the east:地点状语,表示“在东部”
- She:主语,指代 A lady
- returned:谓语动词,不及物动词,表示“回到、返回”
- to the remote town in the west:地点状语,介词短语,其中 in the west 修饰 town,表示“西部的偏远小镇”
- where she was born:定语从句,where 引导,修饰 the remote town,表示“她出生的(小镇)”
- She:主语
- was:系动词,作谓语
- a reporter by trade and a novelist by habit:表语,其中 by trade 和 by habit 是介词短语作定语,分别说明记者和小说家两种身份
- She:主语
- had just finished:谓语动词,过去完成时,just 是时间状语,表示“刚刚完成”
- her third novel:宾语,表示“她的第三部小说”
- For eighty years:时间状语,表示“八十年来”
- her family:主语,表示“她的家人”
- had lived:谓语动词,过去完成时,表示“一直居住”
- beside the sea:地点状语,表示“在海边”
- She:主语
- believed:谓语动词,表示“相信”
- the town still held a fortune of stories worth telling:宾语从句,省略 that,作 believed 的宾语;从句中 the town 是主语、still held 是谓语、a fortune of stories 是宾语、worth telling 是后置定语修饰 stories
- She:主语
- carried:谓语动词,表示“带着”
- a notebook bound in faded leather:宾语,其中 bound in faded leather 是过去分词短语作后置定语修饰 notebook,表示“褪色皮革装订的笔记本”
- In June:时间状语,表示“在六月”
- she:主语
- packed:谓语动词,表示“收拾、打包”
- a single bag:宾语,表示“一个行李袋”
- and:并列连词,连接 packed 和 took 两个谓语
- took:并列谓语,表示“乘坐”
- the train:took 的宾语,表示“火车”
- She:主语
- was determined:谓语,系表结构,表示“决心”
- to proceed with her research:状语,不定式短语,作补足说明,其中 proceed with her research 表示“继续她的研究”
- at a slow, careful pace:方式状语,修饰 to proceed,表示“以缓慢而谨慎的步调”
- She:主语
- would proceed:谓语动词,表示“继续推进”
- only when she was sure of her facts:时间状语从句,only 修饰 when,从句中 she 是主语、was sure of her facts 是谓语部分,表示“只有在确信事实无误时”
At the station she decided to hire a car. The owner of the little garage agreed to hire her a local guide as well. She drove along a broad road that followed the coast. Thin smoke rose from the chimneys of the houses, and small boats bobbed on the grey water. The town used to welcome visitors from far away. A broad range of shops had once lined the main street. Now many stood empty. The ferry that brought tourists came only twice a week. She visited the harbour twice in her first day. Her grandmother, she remembered, would sit back and relax on the porch. She would watch the boats come in.
在车站,她决定租一辆车。小修车厂的老板还同意为她雇一名当地向导。她驱车沿着一条宽阔的沿海公路前行。淡淡的炊烟从房屋的烟囱里升起,小船在灰暗的水面上轻轻摇晃。这个小镇曾经欢迎远道而来的游客。主街上曾经排列着各种各样的商店。如今许多店铺都空置着。载来游客的渡轮每周只来两次。她第一天就去了港口两次。她还记得,祖母当年总会坐在门廊上放松休息。她会看着船只进港。
- At the station:地点状语,表示“在车站”
- she:主语
- decided:谓语动词,表示“决定”
- to hire a car:宾语,不定式短语,作 decided 的宾语,表示“租一辆车”
- The owner of the little garage:主语,其中 of the little garage 修饰 owner,表示“小修车厂的老板”
- agreed:谓语动词,表示“同意”
- to hire her a local guide:宾语,不定式短语,作 agreed 的宾语;her 是间接宾语、a local guide 是直接宾语,表示“为她雇一名当地向导”
- as well:状语,表示“也、同样”
- She:主语
- drove:谓语动词,表示“驱车”
- along a broad road:地点状语,表示“沿着一条宽阔的公路”
- that followed the coast:定语从句,修饰 a broad road,表示“沿着海岸的(公路)”
- Thin smoke:第一分句的主语,表示“淡淡的炊烟”
- rose:谓语动词,表示“升起”
- from the chimneys of the houses:地点状语,表示“从房屋的烟囱里”
- and:并列连词,连接两个分句
- small boats:第二分句的主语,表示“小船”
- bobbed:谓语动词,表示“轻轻摇晃”
- on the grey water:地点状语,表示“在灰暗的水面上”
- The town:主语,表示“这个小镇”
- used to welcome:谓语,used to 表示过去的习惯,welcome 表示“欢迎”
- visitors from far away:宾语,其中 from far away 修饰 visitors,表示“远道而来的游客”
- A broad range of shops:主语,表示“各种各样的商店”
- had once lined:谓语动词,过去完成时,once 是时间状语,表示“曾经排列”
- the main street:宾语,表示“主街”
- Now:时间状语,表示“如今”
- many:主语,指代 many shops,表示“许多店铺”
- stood empty:谓语(stood 是系动词)+ 表语(empty),表示“空置着”
- The ferry that brought tourists:主语,其中 that brought tourists 是定语从句修饰 ferry,表示“载来游客的渡轮”
- came:谓语动词,表示“来”
- only twice a week:频率状语,表示“每周只来两次”
- She:主语
- visited:谓语动词,表示“参观”
- the harbour:宾语,表示“港口”
- twice:频率状语,表示“两次”
- in her first day:时间状语,表示“在她第一天”
- Her grandmother:主语,表示“她的祖母”
- she remembered:插入语,主语 she + 谓语 remembered,表示“她记得”
- would sit back:谓语,would 表示过去习惯,sit back 表示“靠坐”
- and:并列连词,连接 sit back 和 relax 两个谓语
- relax:并列谓语动词,表示“放松”
- on the porch:地点状语,表示“在门廊上”
- She:主语,指代祖母
- would watch:谓语动词,would 表示过去习惯
- the boats come in:宾语,the boats 是宾语、come in 是省略 to 的不定式作宾语补足语,表示“看着船只进港”
The owner of the only hotel was an old friend of her family. The building stood behind a white fence. A sign above the door promised to guarantee quality for every guest. Inside, a smoke alarm blinked on the ceiling, and the owner switched on the lamps one by one. She was shown to a room with a view of the sea. She did not waste time on small talk. Every hour here was precious, and it would be a waste to spend it sleeping.
镇上唯一一家旅馆的老板是她家的老朋友。旅馆坐落在白色栅栏后面。门上方的招牌向每位客人保证质量。屋里,天花板上的烟雾报警器闪烁着,老板一盏一盏地打开了灯。她被领进一间看得见海景的房间。她没有在闲谈上浪费时间。这里的每一个小时都很宝贵,用来睡觉实在太浪费了。
- The owner of the only hotel:主语,其中 of the only hotel 修饰 owner,表示“唯一一家旅馆的老板”
- was:系动词,作谓语
- an old friend of her family:表语,其中 of her family 修饰 friend,表示“她家的老朋友”
- The building:主语,表示“旅馆”
- stood:谓语动词,不及物动词,表示“坐落、矗立”
- behind a white fence:地点状语,表示“在白色栅栏后面”
- A sign above the door:主语,其中 above the door 修饰 sign,表示“门上方的一块招牌”
- promised:谓语动词,表示“承诺”
- to guarantee quality:宾语,不定式短语,作 promised 的宾语,表示“保证质量”
- for every guest:状语,表示“为每位客人”
- Inside:地点状语,表示“在屋里”
- a smoke alarm:第一分句的主语,表示“烟雾报警器”
- blinked:谓语动词,表示“闪烁”
- on the ceiling:地点状语,表示“在天花板上”
- and:并列连词,连接两个分句
- the owner:第二分句的主语,表示“老板”
- switched on:谓语,短语动词,表示“打开(开关)”
- the lamps:宾语,表示“灯”
- one by one:方式状语,表示“一盏一盏地”
- She:主语
- was shown:谓语动词,被动语态,表示“被领进”
- to a room with a view of the sea:地点状语,其中 with a view of the sea 修饰 room,表示“看得见海景的房间”
- She:主语
- did not waste:谓语动词,否定式,表示“没有浪费”
- time:宾语,表示“时间”
- on small talk:状语,表示“在闲谈上”
- Every hour here:第一分句的主语,here 修饰 Every hour,表示“这里的每一个小时”
- was:系动词
- precious:表语,表示“宝贵的”
- and:并列连词,连接两个分句
- it:第二分句的形式主语
- would be:谓语,表示“会是”
- a waste:表语,表示“一种浪费”
- to spend it sleeping:真正的主语,不定式短语;其中 sleeping 是 spend 的伴随状语,表示“把它用来睡觉”
The next morning she made an appointment to visit a small studio above the hotel's shop. The studio had once been a radio broadcast room. The owner now ran a modest retail enterprise on the ground floor. He sold sugar, beer and fresh cake to the few residents who remained. A metal device clicked softly in the corner as she stepped inside. The smell of paint and coffee filled the air. On the wall hung a silver frame around a faded photograph of the old harbour.
第二天早上,她预约去参观旅馆商店楼上的一间小工作室。这间工作室曾经是一间广播室。老板现在在一楼经营着一家不大的零售店。他向留下来的少数居民出售糖、啤酒和新鲜的蛋糕。她走进去时,角落里一个金属装置发出轻微的咔哒声。空气中弥漫着油漆和咖啡的气味。墙上挂着一个银色相框,框里是一张褪了色的旧海港照片。
- The next morning:时间状语,表示“第二天早上”
- she:主语
- made an appointment:谓语 + 宾语,表示“预约”
- to visit a small studio above the hotel's shop:目的状语,不定式短语,其中 above the hotel's shop 修饰 studio,表示“去参观旅馆商店楼上的一间小工作室”
- The studio:主语,表示“这间工作室”
- had once been:谓语,过去完成时,表示“曾经是”
- a radio broadcast room:表语,表示“一间广播室”
- The owner:主语,表示“老板”
- now ran:谓语动词,表示“经营”
- a modest retail enterprise:宾语,表示“一家不大的零售店”
- on the ground floor:地点状语,表示“在一楼”
- He:主语,指代老板
- sold:谓语动词,表示“出售”
- sugar, beer and fresh cake:宾语,表示“糖、啤酒和新鲜的蛋糕”
- to the few residents who remained:状语,表示对象;其中 who remained 是定语从句修饰 residents,表示“留下来的少数居民”
- A metal device:主语,表示“一个金属装置”
- clicked softly:谓语动词 + 状语,表示“发出轻微的咔哒声”
- in the corner:地点状语,表示“在角落里”
- as she stepped inside:时间状语从句,as 引导,表示“当她走进去时”
- The smell of paint and coffee:主语,表示“油漆和咖啡的气味”
- filled:谓语动词,表示“弥漫”
- the air:宾语,表示“空气”
- On the wall:地点状语,置于句首引起倒装
- hung:谓语动词,倒装结构中的谓语,表示“挂着”
- a silver frame around a faded photograph of the old harbour:主语,其中 around a faded photograph of the old harbour 修饰 frame,表示“一个框着旧海港褪色照片的银色相框”
The artist was a tiny woman with a warm personality and quick fingers. She was the ideal candidate to guide a visitor through the town's past. She loved nothing more than to educate a newcomer. She showed her guest a thick album of old photographs. Then she opened a cabinet full of coins and silver trinkets. Sailors had once used them as foreign currency. Every object has a story, she said. She began to whisper a tale about a ship that never returned.
这位艺术家是一位身材娇小的女士,性格热情,手指灵巧。她是带领游客了解小镇往事的理想人选。她最乐于给新来者讲解。她给客人看了一本厚厚的旧相册。然后她打开一个柜子,里面满是硬币和银质小饰品。水手们当年把它们当作外币使用。她说,每件物品都有一个故事。接着她低声讲起一艘再也没有返航的船的故事。
- The artist:主语,表示“这位艺术家”
- was:系动词
- a tiny woman:表语,表示“一位身材娇小的女士”
- with a warm personality and quick fingers:定语,介词短语修饰 a tiny woman,表示“性格热情、手指灵巧的”
- She:主语
- was:系动词
- the ideal candidate:表语,表示“理想的人选”
- to guide a visitor through the town's past:定语,不定式短语修饰 candidate,表示“带领游客了解小镇往事的”
- She:主语
- loved:谓语动词,表示“喜爱”
- nothing more:宾语,表示“没有比这更……”
- than to educate a newcomer:比较状语,表示“胜过给新来者讲解”
- She:主语
- showed:谓语动词,表示“给……看”
- her guest:间接宾语,表示“她的客人”
- a thick album of old photographs:直接宾语,表示“一本厚厚的旧相册”
- Then:时间状语,表示“然后”
- she:主语
- opened:谓语动词,表示“打开”
- a cabinet full of coins and silver trinkets:宾语,其中 full of coins and silver trinkets 修饰 cabinet,表示“一个装满硬币和银质小饰品的柜子”
- Sailors:主语,表示“水手们”
- had once used:谓语动词,过去完成时,表示“曾经使用”
- them:宾语,指代硬币和银饰
- as foreign currency:状语,表示“作为外币”
- Every object has a story:宾语,直接引语,作 said 的宾语,表示“每件物品都有一个故事”
- she said:主句,主语 she + 谓语 said,表示“她说”
- She:主语
- began:谓语动词,表示“开始”
- to whisper a tale:宾语,不定式短语,表示“低声讲一个故事”
- about a ship that never returned:定语,介词短语修饰 tale,其中 that never returned 修饰 ship,表示“关于一艘再也没有返航的船”
The town's principal invited her to visit the local school. There she found a uniform standard of teaching that produced impressive results. The children wore a simple uniform, and their teacher asked them to spell difficult words aloud. The teacher also reminded them that sb stands for somebody and sth for something. She asked them to write each phrase in full. One boy stood up to give an explanation of why the sea is salty. The class listened with remarkable attention. Afterwards the principal took the leadership of a small meeting. He spoke about the need to educate every child, whatever their background.
镇上的校长邀请她参观当地学校。在那里她看到了统一的教学标准,取得了令人瞩目的成绩。孩子们穿着朴素的校服,老师让他们大声拼写难词。老师还提醒他们,sb 代表 somebody,sth 代表 something。她让他们把每个短语完整地写出来。一个男孩站起来解释海水为什么是咸的。全班同学听得格外专注。之后,校长主持了一个小会议。他谈到无论出身如何,每个孩子都需要受教育。
- The town's principal:主语,表示“镇上的校长”
- invited:谓语动词,表示“邀请”
- her:宾语,表示“她”
- to visit the local school:宾语补足语,不定式短语,表示“参观当地学校”
- There:地点状语,表示“在那里”
- she:主语
- found:谓语动词,表示“看到、发现”
- a uniform standard of teaching:宾语,表示“统一的教学标准”
- that produced impressive results:定语从句,修饰 a uniform standard,表示“取得令人瞩目成绩的”
- The children:第一分句的主语,表示“孩子们”
- wore:谓语动词,表示“穿着”
- a simple uniform:宾语,表示“朴素的校服”
- and:并列连词,连接两个分句
- their teacher:第二分句的主语,表示“他们的老师”
- asked:谓语动词,表示“要求”
- them:宾语,表示“他们”
- to spell difficult words aloud:宾语补足语,不定式短语,表示“大声拼写难词”
- The teacher:主语,表示“老师”
- also reminded:谓语动词,also 是状语,表示“还提醒”
- them:间接宾语,表示“他们”
- that sb stands for somebody and sth for something:直接宾语,that 引导的宾语从句,表示“sb 代表 somebody、sth 代表 something”
- She:主语,指代老师
- asked:谓语动词,表示“要求”
- them:宾语,表示“他们”
- to write each phrase in full:宾语补足语,不定式短语,表示“把每个短语完整地写出来”
- One boy:主语,表示“一个男孩”
- stood up:谓语动词,表示“站起来”
- to give an explanation of why the sea is salty:目的状语,不定式短语,其中 of why the sea is salty 修饰 explanation,表示“解释海水为什么是咸的”
- The class:主语,表示“全班同学”
- listened:谓语动词,表示“听”
- with remarkable attention:方式状语,表示“格外专注地”
- Afterwards:时间状语,表示“之后”
- the principal:主语,表示“校长”
- took the leadership of a small meeting:谓语 + 宾语,表示“主持了一个小会议”
- He:主语,指代校长
- spoke:谓语动词,表示“谈到”
- about the need to educate every child:宾语,介词短语作 spoke 的宾语,其中 to educate every child 修饰 need,表示“教育每个孩子的必要性”
- whatever their background:让步状语,表示“无论出身如何”
In the library she found a passage in an old novel. It described the town a hundred years before. The passage told how the people had built a stone wall to hold back the sea. She copied the phrase into her notebook, pleased to find such a clear illustration of the town's stubborn spirit. A young scholar from the capital was reading nearby about the many species of birds. Those birds nested along the cliffs. They talked until the light began to fade.
在图书馆里,她在一本旧小说中找到一段文字。这段文字描述了一百年前的这个小镇。它讲述了人们如何筑起一道石墙来挡住海水。她把那个短语抄进笔记本,很高兴找到这样一个清楚体现小镇倔强精神的例证。一位来自首都的年轻学者正在旁边阅读关于许多鸟类物种的书籍。那些鸟在悬崖上筑巢。他们一直谈到天色渐暗。
- In the library:地点状语,表示“在图书馆里”
- she:主语
- found:谓语动词,表示“找到”
- a passage:宾语,表示“一段文字”
- in an old novel:定语,介词短语修饰 passage,表示“在一本旧小说中”
- It:主语,指代 passage
- described:谓语动词,表示“描述”
- the town:宾语,表示“这个小镇”
- a hundred years before:时间状语,表示“一百年前”
- The passage:主语,表示“这段文字”
- told:谓语动词,表示“讲述”
- how the people had built a stone wall to hold back the sea:宾语从句,how 引导;从句中 the people 是主语、had built 是谓语、a stone wall 是宾语、to hold back the sea 是目的状语
- She:主语
- copied:谓语动词,表示“抄写”
- the phrase:宾语,表示“那个短语”
- into her notebook:地点状语,表示“抄进笔记本”
- pleased to find such a clear illustration of the town's stubborn spirit:伴随状语,过去分词短语说明主语的状态,表示“很高兴找到……例证”
- A young scholar from the capital:主语,其中 from the capital 修饰 scholar,表示“来自首都的年轻学者”
- was reading nearby:谓语动词,过去进行时,表示“正在旁边阅读”
- about the many species of birds:宾语,介词短语作 reading 的宾语,表示“关于许多鸟类物种”
- Those birds:主语,表示“那些鸟”
- nested:谓语动词,表示“筑巢”
- along the cliffs:地点状语,表示“沿着悬崖”
- They:主语,表示“他们”
- talked:谓语动词,表示“交谈”
- until the light began to fade:时间状语从句,until 引导,表示“直到天色开始变暗”
Meanwhile, she learned that the town's peace was not complete. A fellow reporter asked her to investigate a case of domestic violence. The police had been slow to pursue the case. She agreed at once. The young woman at the centre of it was afraid to speak. But the town's leaders insisted that civil rights must be protected for everyone. They did not care about the cost. She could not pretend that the problem did not exist. She refused to treat the violence of that household as a private matter.
与此同时,她了解到小镇的安宁并不完整。一位同行记者请她调查一桩家庭暴力案件。警方迟迟没有追究这桩案件。她立刻答应了。处于事件中心的年轻女子不敢开口。但镇上的领导们坚持认为,每个人的公民权利都必须得到保护。他们不在乎要付出什么代价。她不能假装问题不存在。她拒绝把那个家庭的暴力当作私事来对待。
- Meanwhile:时间状语,表示“与此同时”
- she:主语
- learned:谓语动词,表示“了解到”
- that the town's peace was not complete:宾语从句,that 引导,作 learned 的宾语,表示“小镇的安宁并不完整”
- A fellow reporter:主语,表示“一位同行记者”
- asked:谓语动词,表示“请求”
- her:宾语,表示“她”
- to investigate a case of domestic violence:宾语补足语,不定式短语,表示“调查一桩家庭暴力案件”
- The police:主语,表示“警方”
- had been slow:谓语,系表结构,表示“一直迟缓”
- to pursue the case:状语,不定式短语,表示“追究这桩案件”
- She:主语
- agreed:谓语动词,表示“答应”
- at once:时间状语,表示“立刻”
- The young woman at the centre of it:主语,其中 at the centre of it 修饰 woman,表示“处于事件中心的年轻女子”
- was:系动词
- afraid:表语,表示“害怕的”
- to speak:状语,不定式短语,表示“开口说话”
- But:转折连词,表示“但是”
- the town's leaders:主语,表示“镇上的领导们”
- insisted:谓语动词,表示“坚持认为”
- that civil rights must be protected for everyone:宾语从句,that 引导;从句中 civil rights 是主语、must be protected 是谓语、for everyone 是状语
- They:主语,指代领导们
- did not care:谓语动词,否定式,表示“不在乎”
- about the cost:宾语,介词短语,表示“代价”
- She:主语
- could not pretend:谓语动词,否定式,表示“不能假装”
- that the problem did not exist:宾语从句,that 引导,表示“问题不存在”
- She:主语
- refused:谓语动词,表示“拒绝”
- to treat the violence of that household:宾语,不定式短语,表示“把那个家庭的暴力当作……”
- as a private matter:宾语补足语,as 引导,表示“私事”
She spent a week interviewing neighbours. The facts that arose from her notes painted a grim picture. Such problems arise, she wrote, when people feel they have no voice. New dangers arise when they are ignored. She had to persuade the woman to trust her. She promised to take the blame if anything went wrong. Do not blame yourself, she said softly, for the fault is never yours. Slowly, the woman began to give her own account.
她花了一周时间走访邻居。从笔记中浮现出的事实描绘出一幅黯淡的图景。她写道,当人们觉得自己没有发言权时,这样的问题就会出现。而当这些问题被忽视时,新的危险又会随之而来。她必须说服那个女人信任她。她承诺,如果出了任何差错,她愿意承担责任。她轻声说,不要责怪自己,因为错从来都不在你。慢慢地,那个女人开始讲述自己的经历。
- She:主语
- spent:谓语动词,表示“花(时间)”
- a week:宾语,表示“一周时间”
- interviewing neighbours:伴随状语,现在分词短语,表示“走访邻居”
- The facts that arose from her notes:主语,其中 that arose from her notes 是定语从句修饰 facts,表示“从笔记中浮现出的事实”
- painted:谓语动词,表示“描绘出”
- a grim picture:宾语,表示“一幅黯淡的图景”
- Such problems arise:第一分句,主句,表示“这样的问题就会出现”
- she wrote:插入语,主语 she + 谓语 wrote,表示“她写道”
- when people feel they have no voice:时间状语从句,when 引导;从句中 people 是主语、feel 是谓语、they have no voice 是宾语从句
- New dangers:主语,表示“新的危险”
- arise:谓语动词,表示“出现”
- when they are ignored:时间状语从句,when 引导,表示“当它们被忽视时”
- She:主语
- had to persuade:谓语动词,had to 表示“不得不”,persuade 表示“说服”
- the woman:宾语,表示“那个女人”
- to trust her:宾语补足语,不定式短语,表示“信任她”
- She:主语
- promised:谓语动词,表示“承诺”
- to take the blame:宾语,不定式短语,表示“承担责任”
- if anything went wrong:条件状语从句,if 引导,表示“如果出了任何差错”
- Do not blame yourself:直接引语,祈使句,表示“不要责怪自己”
- she said softly:主句,主语 she + 谓语 said + 状语 softly,表示“她轻声说”
- for the fault is never yours:原因状语从句,for 引导,表示“因为错从来都不在你”
- Slowly:方式状语,表示“慢慢地”
- the woman:主语,表示“那个女人”
- began:谓语动词,表示“开始”
- to give her own account:宾语,不定式短语,表示“讲述自己的经历”
The case reached the town council. The council met to implement a policy that would protect victims and punish offenders. One official wanted to impose on the community a set of harsh new rules. Another tried to impose a heavy fine on those who stayed silent. But others argued that rules alone could not guarantee safety. We must implement this carefully, the chair said, or we risk making things worse. The debate lasted for hours, and she watched with a reporter's patient eye.
这桩案子提交到了镇议会。议会开会要实施一项保护受害者、惩处施暴者的政策。一位官员想把一套苛刻的新规则强加给社区。另一位则试图对那些保持沉默的人施以重罚。但其他人争辩说,仅靠规则无法保证安全。主席说,我们必须谨慎地实施这件事,否则就可能让情况变得更糟。辩论持续了好几个小时,她以一名记者耐心的眼光注视着这一切。
- The case:主语,表示“这桩案子”
- reached:谓语动词,表示“提交到”
- the town council:宾语,表示“镇议会”
- The council:主语,表示“议会”
- met:谓语动词,表示“开会”
- to implement a policy:目的状语,不定式短语,表示“实施一项政策”
- that would protect victims and punish offenders:定语从句,修饰 a policy,表示“保护受害者、惩处施暴者的”
- One official:主语,表示“一位官员”
- wanted:谓语动词,表示“想要”
- to impose on the community a set of harsh new rules:宾语,不定式短语;其中 on the community 是状语、a set of harsh new rules 是 impose 的宾语,表示“把一套苛刻的新规则强加给社区”
- Another:主语,表示“另一位(官员)”
- tried:谓语动词,表示“试图”
- to impose a heavy fine:宾语,不定式短语,表示“施以重罚”
- on those who stayed silent:状语,表示对象;其中 who stayed silent 是定语从句修饰 those,表示“对那些保持沉默的人”
- But:转折连词,表示“但是”
- others:主语,表示“其他人”
- argued:谓语动词,表示“争辩”
- that rules alone could not guarantee safety:宾语从句,that 引导;从句中 rules alone 是主语、could not guarantee 是谓语、safety 是宾语
- We must implement this carefully:直接引语,第一分句,表示“我们必须谨慎地实施这件事”
- the chair said:主句,主语 the chair + 谓语 said,表示“主席说”
- or we risk making things worse:直接引语的第二分句,or 连接,表示“否则我们就可能让情况变得更糟”
- The debate:第一分句的主语,表示“辩论”
- lasted:谓语动词,表示“持续”
- for hours:时间状语,表示“好几个小时”
- and:并列连词,连接两个分句
- she:第二分句的主语,表示“她”
- watched:谓语动词,表示“注视”
- with a reporter's patient eye:方式状语,表示“以一名记者耐心的眼光”
To relax after the long meeting, she walked down to the harbour. She chose a small cake from a wide selection at a stall. A fisherman offered her a friendly tip: the best fish are caught at dawn. She left a tip in the jar and sat on a bench to watch the water. A boy in a thick coat ran past. She remembered how the winter wind could cut through the skin like a knife. She pulled her own coat closer and smiled at the memory.
漫长会议结束后,为了放松,她走到海港。她在一个摊位上从琳琅满目的品种中挑了一小块蛋糕。一位渔夫友善地给她一个建议:最好的鱼是在黎明时分捕到的。她在罐子里留下小费,坐在长椅上看着水面。一个穿着厚外套的男孩跑过。她想起冬天的风如何像刀子一样刺透皮肤。她把自己的外套裹紧了些,想起这些往事不禁微笑。
- To relax after the long meeting:目的状语,不定式短语,表示“漫长会议结束后为了放松”
- she:主语
- walked down:谓语动词,表示“走下去”
- to the harbour:地点状语,表示“到海港”
- She:主语
- chose:谓语动词,表示“挑选”
- a small cake:宾语,表示“一小块蛋糕”
- from a wide selection at a stall:状语,其中 at a stall 修饰 selection,表示“从一个摊位上琳琅满目的品种中”
- A fisherman:主语,表示“一位渔夫”
- offered:谓语动词,表示“提供、给”
- her:间接宾语,表示“她”
- a friendly tip:直接宾语,表示“一个友善的建议”
- the best fish are caught at dawn:同位语,解释 tip 的内容,表示“最好的鱼是在黎明时分捕到的”
- She:主语
- left:谓语动词,表示“留下”
- a tip:宾语,表示“小费”
- in the jar:地点状语,表示“在罐子里”
- and:并列连词,连接 left 和 sat 两个谓语
- sat:并列谓语,表示“坐下”
- on a bench:地点状语,表示“在长椅上”
- to watch the water:目的状语,不定式短语,表示“看着水面”
- A boy in a thick coat:主语,其中 in a thick coat 修饰 boy,表示“一个穿着厚外套的男孩”
- ran:谓语动词,表示“跑”
- past:副词,表示“经过”
- She:主语
- remembered:谓语动词,表示“想起”
- how the winter wind could cut through the skin like a knife:宾语从句,how 引导;从句中 the winter wind 是主语、could cut through 是谓语、the skin 是宾语、like a knife 是方式状语
- She:主语
- pulled:谓语动词,表示“拉、裹”
- her own coat:宾语,表示“她自己的外套”
- closer:状语,表示“更紧”
- and:并列连词,连接 pulled 和 smiled 两个谓语
- smiled:并列谓语,表示“微笑”
- at the memory:状语,表示“想起这些往事”
The owner of the hotel was a gentle man who had once governed a small trading firm. He knew how to govern a household and govern his own temper as well. He spoke of the town's deficit and the falling value of its currency. He spoke of the need for the local economy to remain stable. He also spoke of the need for families to find stable work. We cannot bury our problems, he said, and we cannot rely on luck alone. She was confident of one thing: the people here would find a way forward.
旅馆老板是个性情温和的人,曾管理过一家小贸易公司。他也懂得如何管理家务、如何管住自己的脾气。他谈到小镇的赤字和货币价值的下跌。他谈到当地经济需要保持稳定。他还谈到各家各户需要找到稳定工作。他说,我们不能把问题埋起来,也不能只靠运气。她确信一件事:这里的人们会找到前进的道路。
- The owner of the hotel:主语,表示“旅馆老板”
- was:系动词
- a gentle man:表语,表示“一个性情温和的人”
- who had once governed a small trading firm:定语从句,who 引导,修饰 a gentle man,表示“曾管理过一家小贸易公司的”
- He:主语
- knew:谓语动词,表示“懂得”
- how to govern a household and govern his own temper as well:宾语,how to do 结构,表示“如何管理家务、如何管住自己的脾气”
- He:主语
- spoke:谓语动词,表示“谈到”
- of the town's deficit and the falling value of its currency:宾语,介词短语作 spoke 的宾语,表示“小镇的赤字和货币价值的下跌”
- He:主语
- spoke:谓语动词,表示“谈到”
- of the need for the local economy to remain stable:宾语,介词短语,其中 to remain stable 修饰 need,表示“当地经济保持稳定的必要性”
- He:主语
- also spoke:谓语动词,also 是状语,表示“还谈到”
- of the need for families to find stable work:宾语,介词短语,其中 to find stable work 修饰 need,表示“各家各户找到稳定工作的必要性”
- We cannot bury our problems:直接引语,第一分句,表示“我们不能把问题埋起来”
- he said:主句,主语 he + 谓语 said,表示“他说”
- and we cannot rely on luck alone:直接引语的第二分句,and 连接,表示“也不能只靠运气”
- She:主语
- was confident of:谓语,be confident of 结构,表示“对……有信心、确信”
- one thing:宾语,表示“一件事”
- the people here would find a way forward:同位语,解释 one thing 的内容,表示“这里的人们会找到前进的道路”
One evening the artist played an old record album in the studio. The whole town seemed to gather in the broadcast room to listen. A visiting musician had recorded the songs in June. His deep voice filled the room like smoke from a fire. The listeners sat in a circle around the record player. She looked at their faces and saw a shared pride that no hardship could fade. It was a simple, fantastic evening, and she felt her own worries begin to relax their hold.
一天晚上,艺术家在工作室里放了一张旧唱片。全镇的人似乎都聚集到广播室里聆听。一位来访的音乐家六月里录制了这些歌曲。他低沉的声音像炉火冒出的烟一样弥漫整个房间。听众们围着唱机坐成一圈。她看着他们的脸庞,看到一种任何困苦都无法磨灭的共同自豪。那是一个简单而奇妙的夜晚,她感到自己的种种忧虑开始松开了。
- One evening:时间状语,表示“一天晚上”
- the artist:主语,表示“艺术家”
- played:谓语动词,表示“播放”
- an old record album:宾语,表示“一张旧唱片”
- in the studio:地点状语,表示“在工作室里”
- The whole town:主语,表示“全镇的人”
- seemed to gather:谓语动词,seem to do 结构,表示“似乎聚集”
- in the broadcast room:地点状语,表示“在广播室里”
- to listen:目的状语,不定式短语,表示“聆听”
- A visiting musician:主语,表示“一位来访的音乐家”
- had recorded:谓语动词,过去完成时,表示“已经录制”
- the songs:宾语,表示“这些歌曲”
- in June:时间状语,表示“在六月”
- His deep voice:主语,表示“他低沉的声音”
- filled:谓语动词,表示“弥漫、充满”
- the room:宾语,表示“房间”
- like smoke from a fire:方式状语,表示“像炉火冒出的烟一样”
- The listeners:主语,表示“听众们”
- sat:谓语动词,表示“坐”
- in a circle:方式状语,表示“成一圈”
- around the record player:地点状语,表示“围着唱机”
- She:主语
- looked at:谓语动词,表示“看着”
- their faces:宾语,表示“他们的脸庞”
- and:并列连词,连接 looked at 和 saw 两个谓语
- saw:并列谓语,表示“看到”
- a shared pride that no hardship could fade:宾语,其中 that no hardship could fade 是定语从句修饰 pride,表示“任何困苦都无法磨灭的共同自豪”
- It:形式主语,指代当时的情境
- was:系动词
- a simple, fantastic evening:表语,表示“一个简单而奇妙的夜晚”
- and:并列连词,连接两个分句
- she:第二分句的主语
- felt:谓语动词,表示“感到”
- her own worries begin to relax their hold:宾语,her own worries 是宾语、begin to relax their hold 是省略 to 的不定式作宾语补足语,表示“自己的种种忧虑开始松开”
The next day she sat in on a council meeting about the town's future. A representative from the regional tourism board argued that the cliffs and their rare species could enable the town to earn a modest wealth from visitors. He pointed out that natural selection had shaped those birds over millions of years. The ratio of income to spending, he said, must be watched closely. They would need plenty of patience. One shop owner wanted to specialize in local crafts and sell creative work to tourists. A competitor across the street preferred plastic souvenirs. Another warned that plastic waste was already harming the shore. Each idea differed from the next. But all shared one custom: the town must not lose its character. Their mutual understanding grew slowly. A shared insight began to form: true stability, like good fortune, must be earned, not assumed.
第二天,她旁听了一场关于小镇未来的议会会议。地区旅游局的一位代表主张,那些悬崖及其珍稀物种能够让小镇从游客那里赚取一笔可观的财富。他还指出,自然选择在数百万年间塑造了这些鸟。他说,收入与支出之比必须密切留意。他们需要足够的耐心。一位店主想专营当地手工艺品,把有创意的作品卖给游客。街对面的一位竞争对手更喜欢塑料纪念品。另有人警告说,塑料垃圾已经在危害海岸了。每种想法各不相同。但所有人都共享一个风俗:小镇绝不能失去自己的特色。他们的相互理解慢慢加深。一个共同的见解开始形成——真正的稳定,就像好运一样,必须靠努力赢得,而不是想当然。
- The next day:时间状语,表示“第二天”
- she:主语
- sat in on:谓语动词,表示“旁听”
- a council meeting about the town's future:宾语,其中 about the town's future 修饰 meeting,表示“一场关于小镇未来的议会会议”
- A representative from the regional tourism board:主语,其中 from the regional tourism board 修饰 representative,表示“地区旅游局的一位代表”
- argued:谓语动词,表示“主张、论证”
- that the cliffs and their rare species could enable the town to earn a modest wealth from visitors:宾语从句,that 引导;从句中 the cliffs and their rare species 是主语、could enable 是谓语、the town 是宾语、to earn a modest wealth from visitors 是宾语补足语
- He:主语
- pointed out:谓语动词,表示“指出”
- that natural selection had shaped those birds over millions of years:宾语从句,that 引导;从句中 natural selection 是主语、had shaped 是谓语、those birds 是宾语、over millions of years 是时间状语
- The ratio of income to spending:主语,表示“收入与支出之比”
- he said:插入语,主语 he + 谓语 said,表示“他说”
- must be watched:谓语动词,被动语态,表示“必须被密切留意”
- closely:状语,修饰 watched,表示“密切地”
- They:主语,表示“他们”
- would need:谓语动词,表示“需要”
- plenty of patience:宾语,表示“足够的耐心”
- One shop owner:主语,表示“一位店主”
- wanted:谓语动词,表示“想要”
- to specialize in local crafts:宾语,不定式短语,表示“专营当地手工艺品”
- and:并列连词,连接 specialize 和 sell 两个不定式
- sell creative work to tourists:并列宾语,不定式短语,表示“把有创意的作品卖给游客”
- A competitor across the street:主语,其中 across the street 修饰 competitor,表示“街对面的一位竞争对手”
- preferred:谓语动词,表示“更喜欢”
- plastic souvenirs:宾语,表示“塑料纪念品”
- Another:主语,表示“另有人”
- warned:谓语动词,表示“警告”
- that plastic waste was already harming the shore:宾语从句,that 引导;从句中 plastic waste 是主语、was harming 是谓语、the shore 是宾语
- Each idea:主语,表示“每种想法”
- differed:谓语动词,表示“不同”
- from the next:状语,表示“与下一种(想法)”
- But:转折连词,表示“但是”
- all:主语,表示“所有人”
- shared:谓语动词,表示“共享”
- one custom:宾语,表示“一个风俗”
- the town must not lose its character:同位语,解释 custom 的内容,表示“小镇绝不能失去自己的特色”
- Their mutual understanding:主语,表示“他们的相互理解”
- grew:谓语动词,表示“加深”
- slowly:状语,表示“慢慢地”
- A shared insight:主语,表示“一个共同的见解”
- began to form:谓语动词,表示“开始形成”
- true stability, like good fortune, must be earned, not assumed:同位语,解释 insight 的内容;其中 like good fortune 是插入比较状语,表示“真正的稳定,就像好运一样,必须靠努力赢得,而不是想当然”
Her report touched on the law as well. One clause in the old contract protected witnesses. A lawyer offered a careful interpretation of its meaning. At a national conference she had once heard a speaker give simultaneous interpretation of a debate. The debate was on exactly this subject. The clause about compensation was vague. The prime minister had promised compensation to the victims. But the money had not yet arrived. The town had also suffered severe weather that winter. The severe cold had frightened the fishermen and kept the boats in harbour. A voluntary rescue crew worked through the storm without pay. Their voluntary effort saved several lives. Their courage was a prime example of the town's spirit. The law, she felt, was meant to bring stability to frightened families. Illness spread in the cold. This was partly because the clinic was underfunded. It was also partly because the wire for its heating had failed.
她的报道也涉及法律。旧合同里有一条保护证人的条款。一位律师对它的含义作了细致的解释。在一次全国性会议上,她曾听过一位发言人就一场辩论作同声传译。那场辩论正是关于这一主题。关于赔偿的条款写得很含糊。首相曾向受害者承诺赔偿。但钱款尚未到位。那年冬天,小镇还遭受了恶劣天气。严寒吓坏了渔民,让船只都停在港里。一支志愿救援队无偿地在风暴中工作。他们的志愿行动挽救了好几条生命。他们的勇气正是小镇精神的最好体现。她觉得,法律本应给担惊受怕的家庭带来稳定。严寒中疾病蔓延。部分原因是诊所资金不足。另一部分原因是供暖的电线出了故障。
- Her report:主语,表示“她的报道”
- touched on:谓语动词,表示“涉及”
- the law:宾语,表示“法律”
- as well:状语,表示“也”
- One clause in the old contract:主语,其中 in the old contract 修饰 clause,表示“旧合同里的一条条款”
- protected:谓语动词,表示“保护”
- witnesses:宾语,表示“证人”
- A lawyer:主语,表示“一位律师”
- offered:谓语动词,表示“作出、提供”
- a careful interpretation of its meaning:宾语,其中 of its meaning 修饰 interpretation,表示“对它的含义的细致解释”
- At a national conference:地点状语,表示“在一次全国性会议上”
- she:主语
- had once heard:谓语动词,过去完成时,表示“曾听过”
- a speaker:宾语,表示“一位发言人”
- give simultaneous interpretation of a debate:宾语补足语,省略 to 的不定式,hear sb do sth 结构,表示“作同声传译”
- The debate:主语,表示“那场辩论”
- was:系动词
- on exactly this subject:表语,表示“正是关于这一主题”
- The clause about compensation:主语,其中 about compensation 修饰 clause,表示“关于赔偿的条款”
- was:系动词
- vague:表语,表示“含糊的”
- The prime minister:主语,表示“首相”
- had promised:谓语动词,过去完成时,表示“曾承诺”
- compensation:宾语,表示“赔偿”
- to the victims:状语,表示对象“给受害者”
- But:转折连词,表示“但是”
- the money:主语,表示“钱款”
- had not yet arrived:谓语动词,过去完成时,否定式,表示“尚未到位”
- The town:主语,表示“小镇”
- had also suffered:谓语动词,过去完成时,also 是状语,表示“还遭受”
- severe weather:宾语,表示“恶劣天气”
- that winter:时间状语,表示“那年冬天”
- The severe cold:主语,表示“严寒”
- had frightened:谓语动词,过去完成时,表示“吓坏”
- the fishermen:宾语,表示“渔民”
- and:并列连词,连接 frightened 和 kept 两个谓语
- kept:并列谓语,表示“使……停留”
- the boats in harbour:宾语,表示“船只都停在港里”
- A voluntary rescue crew:主语,表示“一支志愿救援队”
- worked:谓语动词,表示“工作”
- through the storm:时间状语,表示“在风暴中”
- without pay:方式状语,表示“无偿地”
- Their voluntary effort:主语,表示“他们的志愿行动”
- saved:谓语动词,表示“挽救”
- several lives:宾语,表示“好几条生命”
- Their courage:主语,表示“他们的勇气”
- was:系动词
- a prime example of the town's spirit:表语,其中 of the town's spirit 修饰 example,表示“小镇精神的最好体现”
- The law:主语,表示“法律”
- she felt:插入语,主语 she + 谓语 felt,表示“她觉得”
- was meant to bring stability to frightened families:谓语 + 宾语,be meant to do 结构,表示“本应给……带来稳定”
- Illness:主语,表示“疾病”
- spread:谓语动词,表示“蔓延”
- in the cold:地点状语,表示“在严寒中”
- This:主语,指代疾病蔓延一事
- was:系动词
- partly:状语,表示“部分地”
- because the clinic was underfunded:表语从句,because 引导,表示“因为诊所资金不足”
- It:主语,指代疾病蔓延一事
- was:系动词
- also partly:状语,表示“另一部分地”
- because the wire for its heating had failed:表语从句,because 引导,表示“因为供暖的电线出了故障”
On her last morning she wrote a brief note to the council and summarized everything she had learned. She gave the owner a brief explanation of her findings. She sealed the envelope, asking him not to be disappointed by the hard parts. The town, she wrote, had a maximum of charm and a maximum of trouble. It had earned its distinction the hard way, a distinction worth remembering. It also faced a considerable amount of work ahead. Over breakfast she studied the menu. A servant of the hotel offered her a quiet hint: order the fish. She made a final adjustment to her bag. She fastened the leather strap firmly. She took one last look at the metal sign above the door. She had taken care to insure her notes. She respected the quiet leadership of the old owner. As she left, she heard a whisper behind her. It was a farewell phrase spoken so softly she almost missed it. She walked at a steady pace to the station. There she paused to embrace the artist once and to embrace the whole town in her heart. She kept one more appointment before the train: a promise to return the following June.
最后一个早晨,她给议会写了一封简短的信,总结了她了解到的一切。她向老板简要说明了她的调查发现。她封好信封,请他不要因为那些艰难的部分而失望。她写道,这个小镇既有极大的魅力,也有极大的麻烦。它靠艰难的方式赢得了自己的独特之处——一个值得铭记的独特之处。它还面临着相当多的工作要做。吃早餐时她研究了菜单。旅馆的一个仆从悄悄给了她一个提示:点鱼。她对行李做了最后的调整。她牢牢系紧皮质的带子。她最后看了一眼门上方那块金属招牌。她已经小心地为笔记买了保险。她也很敬重老老板那种安静的领导风范。离开时,她听到身后一声低语。那是一句道别的话,说得那么轻,她差点没听见。她以平稳的步伐走向车站。在那里,她停下拥抱了艺术家一次,也在心里拥抱了整个小镇。在火车开动前,她还守着一个约定:明年六月一定回来。
- On her last morning:时间状语,表示“最后一个早晨”
- she:主语
- wrote:谓语动词,表示“写”
- a brief note to the council:宾语,其中 to the council 修饰 note,表示“给议会的一封简短的信”
- and:并列连词,连接 wrote 和 summarized 两个谓语
- summarized:并列谓语,表示“总结”
- everything she had learned:宾语,其中 she had learned 是定语从句修饰 everything,表示“她了解到的一切”
- She:主语
- gave:谓语动词,表示“给”
- the owner:间接宾语,表示“老板”
- a brief explanation of her findings:直接宾语,其中 of her findings 修饰 explanation,表示“她调查发现的简要说明”
- She:主语
- sealed:谓语动词,表示“封好”
- the envelope:宾语,表示“信封”
- asking him not to be disappointed by the hard parts:伴随状语,现在分词短语,表示“请他不要因为那些艰难的部分而失望”
- The town:主语,表示“这个小镇”
- she wrote:插入语,主语 she + 谓语 wrote,表示“她写道”
- had:谓语动词,表示“拥有”
- a maximum of charm and a maximum of trouble:宾语,表示“极大的魅力,也有极大的麻烦”
- It:主语,指代小镇
- had earned:谓语动词,过去完成时,表示“赢得”
- its distinction:宾语,表示“它的独特之处”
- the hard way:方式状语,表示“靠艰难的方式”
- a distinction worth remembering:同位语,解释 distinction,其中 worth remembering 修饰 a distinction,表示“一个值得铭记的独特之处”
- It:主语,指代小镇
- also faced:谓语动词,also 是状语,表示“还面临”
- a considerable amount of work ahead:宾语,其中 ahead 修饰 work,表示“相当多有待完成的工作”
- Over breakfast:时间状语,表示“吃早餐时”
- she:主语
- studied:谓语动词,表示“研究”
- the menu:宾语,表示“菜单”
- A servant of the hotel:主语,表示“旅馆的一个仆从”
- offered:谓语动词,表示“提供、给”
- her:间接宾语,表示“她”
- a quiet hint:直接宾语,表示“一个悄声的提示”
- order the fish:同位语,解释 hint 的内容,祈使句,表示“点鱼”
- She:主语
- made:谓语动词,表示“做”
- a final adjustment to her bag:宾语,其中 to her bag 修饰 adjustment,表示“对行李的最后调整”
- She:主语
- fastened:谓语动词,表示“系紧”
- the leather strap:宾语,表示“皮质的带子”
- firmly:状语,表示“牢牢地”
- She:主语
- took:谓语动词,表示“看”
- one last look:宾语,表示“最后一眼”
- at the metal sign above the door:状语,其中 above the door 修饰 sign,表示“门上方那块金属招牌”
- She:主语
- had taken care:谓语,take care 结构,过去完成时,表示“已经小心”
- to insure her notes:状语,不定式短语,表示“为她的笔记买保险”
- She:主语
- respected:谓语动词,表示“敬重”
- the quiet leadership of the old owner:宾语,其中 of the old owner 修饰 leadership,表示“老老板那种安静的领导风范”
- As she left:时间状语从句,as 引导,表示“离开时”
- she:主语
- heard:谓语动词,表示“听到”
- a whisper behind her:宾语,其中 behind her 修饰 whisper,表示“身后一声低语”
- It:主语,指代那声低语
- was:系动词
- a farewell phrase:表语,表示“一句道别的话”
- spoken so softly she almost missed it:定语,过去分词短语修饰 phrase;其中 so softly (that) she almost missed it 是结果状语,表示“说得那么轻,她差点没听见”
- She:主语
- walked:谓语动词,表示“走”
- at a steady pace:方式状语,表示“以平稳的步伐”
- to the station:地点状语,表示“走向车站”
- There:地点状语,表示“在那里”
- she:主语
- paused:谓语动词,表示“停下”
- to embrace the artist once and to embrace the whole town in her heart:目的状语,两个并列的不定式,表示“拥抱艺术家一次,也在心里拥抱整个小镇”
- She:主语
- kept:谓语动词,表示“遵守、履行”
- one more appointment:宾语,表示“还有一个约定”
- before the train:时间状语,表示“在火车开动前”
- a promise to return the following June:同位语,解释 appointment 的内容,其中 to return the following June 修饰 promise,表示“明年六月一定回来的承诺”