知识库
先学知识点，再做题检验。当前：定语从句
01. 名词 (8个)
02. 冠词 (5个)
03. 代词 (4个)
04. 形容词与副词 (6个)
05. 介词 (6个)
06. 连词 (4个)
07. 动词时态 (19个)
08. 被动语态 (7个)
09. 情态动词 (4个)
10. 非谓语动词 (8个)
11. 定语从句 (7个)
12. 名词性从句 (8个)
13. 状语从句 (7个)
14. 虚拟语气 (5个)
15. 特殊句式 (8个)
16. 数词 (6个)
17. 直接引语与间接引语 (4个)
18. 句子成分与结构 (7个)
19. 构词法 (4个)
98. 张俊杰英语全语法体系（综合参考） (31个)
99. 英语全语法之简单原则 (12个)
关系代词引导
关系代词
重点 难度 2/3
关系代词选择
* who（指人，主格）
* whom（指人，宾格）
* whose（指人/物，所有格）
* which（指物）
* that（指人/物均可）
只用that的情况（重要）
1.先行词被最高级修饰：the best movie that...
2.先行词是序数词：the first that...
3.先行词是all/everything/nothing/the only/the very
不用that的情况
非限制性定语从句、介词后（用which/whom）
关系代词 whom/whose/that 的详解
难度 2/3
whom 的用法（常被忽略）
* 作宾语时正式用 whom，口语可用 who 或省略
The man whom you met yesterday is my uncle.
（口语可说：The man you met... 或 The man who you met...）
* 介词后必须用 whom（不能用 who）
The person to whom I spoke is the manager.
The man with whom I traveled is a doctor.
whose 的用法（指人/指物均可）
* 指人：The girl whose mother is a doctor...
* 指物（= of which）：
The house whose roof is red...
或 The house the roof of which is red...
只用 that 的完整清单
1.先行词被最高级修饰：the best that
2.先行词是序数词：the first that
3.先行词是 the only/the very/the same
4.先行词是 all/everything/nothing/anything/something/little/much
5.先行词既有人又有物：the people and the car that
6.主句已有 which/who开头的疑问句：
Who is the man that is standing there?
all that = what
All that I need is love. = What I need is love.
关系副词引导
关系副词
重点 难度 2/3
关系副词 = 介词+which
where = in/at which（地点）
when = on/in which（时间）
why = for which（原因）
关系代词 vs 关系副词
看从句缺什么成分：
* 缺主语/宾语→关系代词（which/that）
* 缺状语→关系副词（where/when/why）
This is the factory which produces cars.（缺主语）
This is the factory where my father works.（不缺成分）
where/when/why 的特殊用法
难度 2/3
where 的特殊先行词（抽象地点）
除了具体地点，以下抽象名词也用 where：
* situation（情况）：a situation where...
* case（案例）：a case where...
* point（地步/程度）：the point where...
* stage（阶段）：a stage where...
* condition（条件）：a condition where...
when = 非时间名词 + when
* I'll never forget the day when we met.
* The morning when I arrived was cold.
* 1998 was the year when I was born.
why 的特殊用法
* reason why...常可省略why：
That's the reason (why) I came.
* This is why...
That's why I left early.
the way 引导方式
* the way (that/in which) = 以...方式
I like the way (that) she speaks.
This is the way (in which) it should be done.
关系副词 vs 关系代词判断口诀
看从句缺什么成分：
缺主语→who/which/that
缺宾语→whom/which/that（可省略）
缺状语→when/where/why
缺定语→whose
限制性与非限制性定语从句
限制性与非限制性
重点 难度 2/3
限制性定语从句
* 有限定作用，去掉后意思变化
* 用who/which/that（不用逗号）
The students who work hard will pass.
非限制性定语从句
* 补充说明，去掉后完整
* 用逗号隔开，不能用that
My father, who is 60, still works hard.
which指代整个主句
She passed the exam, which made everyone happy.
as 引导的定语从句
难度 2/3
as 引导非限制性定语从句
as 指代整个主句内容，可以放在句首/句中/句末：
1.句首（最常考）：
As is known to all, the earth is round.
As is often the case, he was late again.
As has been said above, practice makes perfect.
2.句中：
He is a genius, as his friends all know.
3.句末：
He was late again, as usual.
Taiwan is part of China, as is known to all.
常见 as 固定表达
as we all know（众所周知）
as is known to all（众所周知）
as is often the case（情况常常如此）
as has been said above（如上所述）
as is mentioned above（如上所述）
as might be expected（正如所料）
as follows（如下）
the same...as / such...as（限制性）
* the same...as（与...相同的）
This is the same book as I lost.（跟我丢的那本一样）
the same...that（就是同一本）
This is the same book that I lost.（就是我丢的那本）
* such...as（像...那样的）
Such people as you describe are rare nowadays.
定语从句中的介词位置
难度 2/3
介词 + 关系代词（正式文体）
* 介词 + which（指物）：This is the house in which I live.
* 介词 + whom（指人）：This is the man to whom I spoke.
* 介词 + whose：The man from whose house I borrowed the book...
介词放句末（口语常见）
* This is the house which I live in.
* This is the man whom I spoke to.
介词选择取决于固定搭配
* 与动词搭配：depend on, look after, talk about, look at
The man whom you are looking for is over there.
* 与前面的名词搭配：
I'll never forget the day on which I met her.（on the day）
* 与形容词搭配：
He is a person of whom I am proud.（be proud of）
关系副词 = 介词+which 的转化
* where = in/at/on + which
* when = on/in/during + which
* why = for + which
* how = in + which（一般不单独用how）
I don't like the way in which he speaks.（不说the way how）