知识库
先学知识点，再做题检验。当前：构词法
01. 名词 (8个)
02. 冠词 (5个)
03. 代词 (4个)
04. 形容词与副词 (6个)
05. 介词 (6个)
06. 连词 (4个)
07. 动词时态 (19个)
08. 被动语态 (7个)
09. 情态动词 (4个)
10. 非谓语动词 (8个)
11. 定语从句 (7个)
12. 名词性从句 (8个)
13. 状语从句 (7个)
14. 虚拟语气 (5个)
15. 特殊句式 (8个)
16. 数词 (6个)
17. 直接引语与间接引语 (4个)
18. 句子成分与结构 (7个)
19. 构词法 (4个)
98. 张俊杰英语全语法体系（综合参考） (31个)
99. 英语全语法之简单原则 (12个)
派生法（前缀后缀）
常用前缀
重点 难度 1/3
构词法概述
英语新词的三大构成方式：派生法（加前缀/后缀）、合成法（复合词）、转化法（词性转换）。
表示否定的前缀
* un-: happy→unhappy, able→unable, lucky→unlucky
* in-: correct→incorrect, direct→indirect
im-（p/b/m前）：possible→impossible, balance→imbalance
ir-（r前）：regular→irregular, responsible→irresponsible
il-（l前）：legal→illegal, logical→illogical
* dis-: agree→disagree, appear→disappear, honest→dishonest
* non-: stop→non-stop, sense→nonsense（无连字符也可）
* mis-: understand→misunderstand, lead→mislead, take→mistake
* anti-: social→antisocial, war→antiwar
表示时间/顺序的前缀
* pre-（在...之前）：view→preview, pay→prepay
* post-（在...之后）：war→postwar, graduate→postgraduate
* re-（再/重新）：do→redo, write→rewrite, build→rebuild
其他常用前缀
* co-（共同）：worker→coworker, operate→cooperate
* inter-（相互/之间）：national→international, net→internet
* over-（过度）：sleep→oversleep, eat→overeat, flow→overflow
* under-（不足）：estimate→underestimate, developed→underdeveloped
* super-（超级）：market→supermarket, man→superman
* tele-（远距离）：phone→telephone, vision→television
* bi-（双/二）：cycle→bicycle, lingual→bilingual
* multi-（多）：cultural→multicultural, media→multimedia
常用后缀
重点 难度 1/3
动词变名词的后缀
* -tion/-sion：educate→education, decide→decision, attract→attraction
* -ment：develop→development, achieve→achievement, agree→agreement
* -ance/-ence：appear→appearance, differ→difference, exist→existence
* -er/-or：teach→teacher, act→actor, write→writer, visit→visitor
* -ing：begin→beginning, build→building, mean→meaning
* -al：arrive→arrival, approve→approval, propose→proposal
* -ure：fail→failure, press→pressure, depart→departure
* -age：pack→package, post→postage, marry→marriage
形容词变名词的后缀
* -ness：happy→happiness, kind→kindness, dark→darkness
* -ity：able→ability, active→activity, real→reality
* -y：difficult→difficulty, honest→honesty, jealous→jealousy
* -th：warm→warmth, true→truth, young→youth
动词/名词变形容词的后缀
* -ful：help→helpful, beauty→beautiful, use→useful
* -less：help→helpless, home→homeless, use→useless
* -able：read→readable, comfort→comfortable, reason→reasonable
* -ive：act→active, create→creative, attract→attractive
* -ous：danger→dangerous, fame→famous, courage→courageous
* -y：wind→windy, rain→rainy, sun→sunny, fun→funny
* -al：nature→natural, nation→national, music→musical
* -ly：friend→friendly, love→lovely, cost→costly
* -ish：child→childish, fool→foolish, self→selfish
* -ent/-ant：differ→different, please→pleasant, import→important
* -ary：element→elementary, second→secondary
名词/形容词变动词的后缀
* -en：wide→widen, short→shorten, bright→brighten
* -ize：real→realize, modern→modernize, normal→normalize
* -ify：beauty→beautify, simple→simplify, class→classify
形容词变副词的后缀
* -ly：quick→quickly, careful→carefully, happy→happily
合成法与转化法
合成词
重点 难度 1/3
合成法 Compound Words
两个或以上单词合成一个新词。
合成名词
* 名词+名词：bedroom, bookshop, newspaper, football, headphone, waterfall, sunrise, toothbrush
* 形容词+名词：blackboard, greenhouse, hightlight, hotdog
* 动词+名词：breakfast, playground（play+ground）
* 动名词+名词：swimming pool, dining room, washing machine
* 名词+动名词：sightseeing, handwriting, sunbathing
* 副词+动词：outcome, income, output, input, outbreak
* 动词+副词：breakdown, breakout, makeup, takeover
合成形容词
* 形容词+名词-ed：kind-hearted, cold-blooded, warm-hearted
* 名词+过去分词：man-made, snow-covered, hand-made
* 名词+现在分词：heart-breaking, time-saving, English-speaking
* 形容词+现在分词：good-looking, easy-going, hard-working
* 副词+过去分词：well-known, newly-built, highly-developed
* 数词+名词（单数）：a ten-minute walk, a five-year-old boy
* 数词+名词+形容词：a two-meter-tall man
合成动词
* 副词+动词：overcome, undergo, understand, upset
* 名词+动词：sunbathe, babysit, sleepwalk
合成副词/介词
* into, within, without, nearby, throughout
转化法（词性转换）
难度 1/3
转化法 Conversion
同一个单词在不同语境下转换词性，不改变拼写。
名词→动词（大量）
* water（水→浇水）：I water the plants every day.
* hand（手→递交）：Please hand in your homework.
* book（书→预订）：I booked a ticket online.
* milk（奶→挤奶）：He milks the cows.
* email（邮件→发邮件）：I'll email you later.
* taste（味道→品尝）：Taste the soup.
* head（头→前往）：Let's head home.
* face（脸→面对）：Face the challenge.
动词→名词（大量）
* look（看→表情/外观）：Have a look. / She has a nice look.
* 与have/take/give搭配：have a try, take a walk, give a shout
* show（展示→演出）：What a great show!
* dream（做梦→梦想）：I have a dream.
* call（打电话→通话）：I'll give you a call.
* play（玩→戏剧）：The play was wonderful.
形容词→动词
* clean（干净的→打扫）：I clean my room.
* open（开的→打开）：Open the window.
* empty（空的→清空）：Empty the trash.
* dry（干的→擦干）：Dry your hands.
* slow（慢的→减速）：Slow down.
形容词→名词
* the + 形容词 = 一类人：the rich, the poor, the young
* 固定短语：in general, in private, in public, at present
常见一词多词性
* like（v.喜欢 / prep.像 / conj.如同）
* past（adj.过去的 / n.过去 / prep.超过 / adv.经过）
* well（adv.好 / adj.健康的 / n.水井）
* since（prep.自从 / conj.自从/因为 / adv.从那以后）