知识库
先学知识点，再做题检验。当前：直接引语与间接引语
01. 名词 (8个)
02. 冠词 (5个)
03. 代词 (4个)
04. 形容词与副词 (6个)
05. 介词 (6个)
06. 连词 (4个)
07. 动词时态 (19个)
08. 被动语态 (7个)
09. 情态动词 (4个)
10. 非谓语动词 (8个)
11. 定语从句 (7个)
12. 名词性从句 (8个)
13. 状语从句 (7个)
14. 虚拟语气 (5个)
15. 特殊句式 (8个)
16. 数词 (6个)
17. 直接引语与间接引语 (4个)
18. 句子成分与结构 (7个)
19. 构词法 (4个)
98. 张俊杰英语全语法体系（综合参考） (31个)
99. 英语全语法之简单原则 (12个)
直接引语变间接引语（陈述句）
间接引语：时态变化规则
重点 难度 2/3
直接引语 vs 间接引语
直接引语：He said, "I am tired."
间接引语：He said that he was tired.
时态变化（退一步规则）——主句过去时
* 一般现在时 → 一般过去时
"I like it." → He said he liked it.
* 现在进行时 → 过去进行时
"I am reading." → He said he was reading.
* 现在完成时 → 过去完成时
"I have seen it." → He said he had seen it.
* 一般过去时 → 过去完成时
"I saw it." → He said he had seen it.
* 一般将来时 → 过去将来时
"I will come." → He said he would come.
* can → could / may → might / must → had to
不变时态的特殊情况（重要）
1.客观真理/事实不变：
"The earth goes around the sun."
→ The teacher said the earth goes around the sun.
2.强调动作/状态仍在持续：
"I am 18 years old."
→ He said he is 18 years old.（如果现在还是18岁）
3.虚拟语气不变：
"I wish I were you."
→ He said he wished he were you.
间接引语：人称与状语变化
重点 难度 2/3
人称代词的变化
* 一随主（引号内的第一人称随主句主语）：
"I like music." → He said he liked music.
* 二随宾（引号内的第二人称随主句宾语）：
He said to me, "You are right." → He told me that I was right.
* 第三人称不变：
"She is nice." → He said she was nice.
时间状语的变化
* now → then
* today → that day
* tonight → that night
* this morning → that morning
* yesterday → the day before / the previous day
* last night → the night before
* tomorrow → the next day / the following day
* next week → the next week / the following week
* two days ago → two days before
* here → there
地点/方向指示词的变化
* this → that
* these → those
* here → there
* come → go
* bring → take
疑问句与祈使句的间接引语
疑问句的间接引语
重点 难度 2/3
一般疑问句→ whether/if
"Are you ready?" he asked.
→ He asked whether/if I was ready.
"Did you see him?" she asked.
→ She asked whether/if I had seen him.
特殊疑问句→ wh-词不变语序
"What are you doing?" he asked.
→ He asked what I was doing.（注意语序！陈述句语序）
"Where does she live?" he wanted to know.
→ He wanted to know where she lived.
"Who is that man?" she asked.
→ She asked who that man was.
选择疑问句
"Do you want tea or coffee?" she asked.
→ She asked whether I wanted tea or coffee.
间接引语语序最重要的一点
疑问句变间接引语后，从句必须用陈述句语序！
✗ She asked where did I live.
✓ She asked where I lived.
祈使句与感叹句的间接引语
难度 2/3
祈使句变间接引语
动词用 ask/tell/order/advise/warn + 宾语 + 不定式
肯定祈使句：
"Please sit down," he said.
→ He asked me to sit down.
"Clean your room," Mom said.
→ Mom told me to clean my room.
否定祈使句（don't）：
"Don't be late," the teacher said.
→ The teacher told us not to be late.
"Don't touch the wire!" the man warned.
→ The man warned us not to touch the wire.
常见转述动词：
* ask（请求）, tell（告诉）
* order（命令）, command（命令）
* advise（建议）, recommend（推荐）
* warn（警告）, remind（提醒）
* invite（邀请）, beg（恳求）
感叹句变间接引语
常用 exclaim/say with surprise 等转述：
"What a beautiful day!" she said.
→ She exclaimed that it was a beautiful day.
"Happy birthday!" he said.
→ He wished me a happy birthday.
"Thank you!" she said.
→ She thanked me.