知识库
先学知识点，再做题检验。当前：动词时态
01. 名词 (8个)
02. 冠词 (5个)
03. 代词 (4个)
04. 形容词与副词 (6个)
05. 介词 (6个)
06. 连词 (4个)
07. 动词时态 (19个)
08. 被动语态 (7个)
09. 情态动词 (4个)
10. 非谓语动词 (8个)
11. 定语从句 (7个)
12. 名词性从句 (8个)
13. 状语从句 (7个)
14. 虚拟语气 (5个)
15. 特殊句式 (8个)
16. 数词 (6个)
17. 直接引语与间接引语 (4个)
18. 句子成分与结构 (7个)
19. 构词法 (4个)
98. 张俊杰英语全语法体系（综合参考） (31个)
99. 英语全语法之简单原则 (12个)
一般现在时
一般现在时
重点 难度 1/3
表示习惯、事实、状态
构成
I work. / He works.
用法
1.习惯：I get up at 7 every day.
2.真理：The earth goes around the sun.
3.主将从现：If it rains, we will stay.
4.时刻表：The train leaves at 8 pm.
标志词
always, usually, often, sometimes, never, every day
一般现在时的特殊用法
难度 1/3
主将从现（高频考点）
在时间/条件状语从句中，从句用一般现在时表将来：
* If it rains tomorrow, we will stay home.
* When he arrives, I will call you.
* As soon as I get the news, I'll tell you.
时刻表将来
火车/飞机/会议等按时刻表安排的事情：
* The train leaves at 8 pm tonight.
* The meeting starts at 9 tomorrow morning.
* The store opens at 10 am on weekends.
新闻报道/解说
报纸标题和体育评论用一般现在时增强现场感：
* President visits Japan.（新闻标题）
* Messi passes to Neymar... he scores!
表示状态/感觉
状态动词通常用一般现在时：
* I think you're right.
* She loves classical music.
* This book belongs to me.
动词三单变化的特殊情况
难度 1/3
第三人称单数动词变化总结
规则变化
* 一般+s：work→works, read→reads, play→plays
* s/x/ch/sh/o+es：pass→passes, fix→fixes, watch→watches, wash→washes, go→goes, do→does
* 辅音+y→ies：study→studies, fly→flies, cry→cries
元音+y→ys：play→plays, say→says（注意读法特殊）
* have→has / be→is
读音规则
* 清辅音后读/s/：works, helps, asks
* 浊辅音/元音后读/z/：reads, goes, plays, lives
* s/x/ch/sh结尾读/iz/：watches, fixes, passes, washes
* t/d结尾读/ts//dz/：wants, needs
常考三单易错词
* do→does（中音变化）
* go→goes
* have→has
* say→says（发音变化！/sez/ 不是/seiz/）
* pay→pays（3单+s即可，y前是元音）
* enjoy→enjoys（同上）
一般过去时
一般过去时
重点 难度 1/3
表示过去发生的动作或状态
构成
I worked. / He went.
否定/疑问
不规则动词
go→went, have→had, do→did, see→saw
eat→ate, write→wrote, take→took
标志词
yesterday, last week, ...ago, in 2020, just now
一般过去时的特殊用法与不规则动词
难度 1/3
表示现在的委婉语气
某些动词用过去时表现在的委婉/客气：
* I wondered if you could help me.
* Did you want to see me?
* I thought you might need this.
used to do vs would do
* used to do（过去常常，暗含现在已经不这样）
I used to smoke, but I quit now.
* would do（过去习惯，不暗示现在怎样）
When I was young, I would visit my grandma every weekend.
常用不规则动词（必背）
be→was/were→been begin→began→begun
break→broke→broken bring→brought→brought
buy→bought→bought catch→caught→caught
choose→chose→chosen come→came→come
drink→drank→drunk drive→drove→driven
eat→ate→eaten fall→fell→fallen
feel→felt→felt find→found→found
fly→flew→flown forget→forgot→forgotten
get→got→got/gotten give→gave→given
go→went→gone grow→grew→grown
hang→hung→hung hide→hid→hidden
keep→kept→kept know→knew→known
lead→led→led leave→left→left
lend→lent→lent lie→lay→lain
lose→lost→lost mean→meant→meant
meet→met→met pay→paid→paid
put→put→put read→read→read
ride→rode→ridden ring→rang→rung
rise→rose→risen run→ran→run
say→said→said see→saw→seen
sell→sold→sold send→sent→sent
shut→shut→shut sing→sang→sung
sit→sat→sat sleep→slept→slept
speak→spoke→spoken spend→spent→spent
stand→stood→stood steal→stole→stolen
swim→swam→swum take→took→taken
teach→taught→taught tell→told→told
think→thought→thought throw→threw→thrown
understand→understood wake→woke→woken
wear→wore→worn win→won→won
write→wrote→written
used to / be used to / would 辨析
难度 2/3
used to do vs be used to doing
* used to do（过去常常，现在不了）：
I used to smoke, but I quit.
There used to be a cinema here.
* be used to doing（习惯于）：
I am used to getting up early.
He is not used to the weather here.
* be used to do（被用来做）：
This knife is used to cut bread.（被动语态）
used to的否定/疑问
* 否定：I didn't use to smoke. / I used not to smoke.
* 疑问：Did you use to smoke? / Used you to smoke?
would vs used to 的区别
* 两者都可表过去的习惯：
When I was young, I used to/would visit my grandma every weekend.
* 区别：
used to 强调过去与现在的对比（现在不这样了）
would 只描述过去的习惯，不暗示现在
used to 可表示过去的状态：
I used to have a car.（状态）✓
I would have a car. ✗
would 常用于故事中描述过去的反复动作：
Every morning, he would get up at 6, take a walk, and have breakfast.
一般将来时
一般将来时
重点 难度 2/3
五种表达方式：
1.will+动词原形（临时决定/预测/许诺）
I'll help you. / It will rain.
2.be going to（计划/迹象）
I'm going to study abroad.
3.现在进行表将来（已安排）
I'm meeting my boss tomorrow.
4.一般现在表将来（时刻表）
The train departs at 8 am.
5.be to do（正式）/ be about to do（即将）
will(临时) vs be going to(计划) 区别常考
将来时的其他表达与区别
难度 2/3
be about to do
即将做某事（马上发生）：
* The show is about to begin.
* I was about to leave when the phone rang.
* 不能与具体时间状语连用：
✗ I am about to leave at 5 pm.
be to do
* 按计划/安排将要发生（正式）：
The president is to visit China next month.
* 表命令/指示：
You are to finish your homework before dinner.
* 表命中注定：
They were never to meet again.
将来进行时 vs 将来完成时
* 将来进行（will be doing）：
将来某时刻正在做
This time tomorrow, I will be flying to Tokyo.
* 将来完成（will have done）：
将来某时刻已经完成
By next month, I will have finished the project.
shall vs will
* shall 用于第一人称疑问句表建议：
Shall we go? / Shall I open the window?
* will 用于各种人称表意愿/预测：
I will help you. / It will rain.
现在进行时
现在进行时
重点 难度 2/3
此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作
构成
I am reading. / He is reading.
用法
1.此刻进行：I'm working now.
2.现阶段：I'm reading a great book these days.
3.表将来：We're flying to Paris next week.
不用进行时的状态动词
* 感官：see, hear, smell
* 心理：know, believe, understand
* 情感：love, hate, like
* 拥有：have（有）, own, belong to
标志词
now, right now, at the moment, Listen! / Look!
现在进行时的特殊用法
难度 2/3
与 always/constantly 连用表感情色彩
带"抱怨/赞赏"等感情色彩：
* He is always losing his keys!（抱怨）
* She is constantly helping others.（赞赏）
* They are forever complaining about the food.（抱怨）
渐变类动词用进行时表"逐渐"
get, become, grow, change, improve, increase, decrease
* The weather is getting colder.
* He is becoming more confident.
* The population is growing rapidly.
状态动词转动态含义
某些状态动词可用于进行时，但含义变化：
* have（有 → 吃/经历）：
I'm having dinner.（吃饭）
We're having a great time.（经历）
* be（是 → 表现得）：
He is being silly.（= acting silly）
You are being too modest.（= acting modest）
* see（看见 → 约会/会见）：
I'm seeing the doctor tomorrow.
They've been seeing each other for months.
* taste/smell/feel（系动词→动作）：
I'm tasting the soup to see if it needs salt.
现在进行时表将来的计划
难度 1/3
现在进行时表将来（已安排的）
* 已安排好且必定发生的事：
I'm leaving for Beijing tomorrow.
We're having a meeting next Monday.
* 常用动词：go, come, leave, arrive, start, begin, have, meet, fly, drive, stay, return, move
* 必须是人作主语，有明确的计划安排：
I'm meeting him at 3 pm.（约定好的）
The plane is taking off at 8.（按时刻表）
现在进行时 vs will vs be going to 表将来
* 现在进行时：计划已安排好（最确定）
I'm flying to Tokyo on Friday.（机票已买）
* be going to：打算做（较确定）
I'm going to visit Japan next year.（有计划但还没买票）
* will：临时决定/预测（不确定）
I think it will rain.（猜测）
I'll answer the phone.（听到铃声刚决定）
过去进行时
过去进行时
难度 2/3
过去某个时刻正在进行的动作
构成
I was reading at 8 pm last night.
用法
1.过去某一时刻正在做：I was watching TV at 8.
2.同时进行（while）：While I was cooking, he was watching TV.
3.被打断（when长动作+短动作）：
I was sleeping when the phone rang.
4.描述背景：The wind was blowing.
vs一般过去时
进行时强调过程（可能未完成）
过去时强调完成
过去进行时的叙事用法
难度 2/3
过去的两个动作同时进行
用 while 连接：
* While I was cooking, my husband was watching TV.
* I was reading while the children were playing.
过去进行时描述背景
在讲故事中用于设置场景：
* The sun was shining, birds were singing, and people were enjoying the beautiful day.
* It was getting dark and the wind was blowing hard.
过去进行时的过去时间点
* I was having dinner at 7 pm yesterday.
* This time last year, I was living in Beijing.
过去进行时 vs 一般过去时对比
1.动作是否完成：
I was writing a letter last night.（可能未写完）
I wrote a letter last night.（写完了）
2.动作的长短：
The phone rang while I was taking a shower.（长/短之分）
现在完成时
现在完成时的标志词与句型
难度 2/3
already / yet / just / ever / never
* already（已经，肯定句，放句中或句末）
I have already finished my homework.
* yet（已经/还没，疑问/否定句，放句末）
Have you finished yet? / I haven't finished yet.
* just（刚刚，放句中）：
I have just arrived.
* ever（曾经，疑问句）：Have you ever been to Japan?
* never（从未）：I have never seen such a beautiful place.
in the past/last + 时间段
与现在完成时连用，表"在最近...里"：
* In the past few years, great changes have taken place.
* I have learned a lot in the last three months.
so far / up to now / until now
到目前为止（与现在完成时连用）：
* So far, everything has gone well.
* Up to now, we have received 100 applications.
This is the first/second...time + 完成时
* This is the first time I have been to Beijing.
* This is the second time he has visited our school.
It/This is the + 最高级 + 名词 + that + 完成时
* This is the best movie that I have ever seen.
现在完成时
重点 难度 2/3
连接过去和现在的时态
构成
I have finished. / He has gone.
核心用法
1.已完成-强调影响：I have lost my keys.
2.经历：I have been to Japan.
3.持续至今（for/since）：I have lived here for 10 years.
have been to vs have gone to
* been to（去过已回）vs gone to（去了未回）
for vs since
* for+时间段：for two years
* since+时间点：since 2020
标志词
already, yet, just, ever, never, recently
for+时间段, since+时间点
过去完成时
过去完成时
难度 2/3
"过去的过去"
构成
When I arrived, they had already left.
用法
1.过去某个时间之前完成：
By the time he came, I had finished.
2.两个过去动作先发生：
She had already left when I arrived.
标志词
by then, by that time, before+过去时间
Hardly...when / No sooner...than
过去完成时的特殊句型
难度 2/3
Hardly...when / No sooner...than
"一...就..."
* Hardly had I left when it started to rain.
* No sooner had he arrived than he fell asleep.
* 注意倒装：hardly/no sooner放句首时主句部分倒装
by the time + 过去时
"到...时候为止（已经）"
* By the time he arrived, the movie had already started.
* By the end of last year, they had built 20 bridges.
expect/hope/want/think/mean的过去完成时
表"原本...但未实现"：
* I had hoped to visit you, but I was too busy.
* She had intended to come, but she got sick.
* They had planned to leave early, but the car broke down.
过去完成时 vs 一般过去时
* 一般过去时：表示过去发生的动作（只有一个时间点）
* 过去完成时：表示在过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作（两个时间点）
* I arrived at 8.（过去的动作）
* They had already left when I arrived.（在我到达之前已经离开）
时态综合对比
时态综合对比
重点 难度 3/3
一般现在 vs 现在进行
He smokes.（习惯）
He is smoking.（正在）
一般过去 vs 现在完成
I lost my key yesterday.（过去）
I have lost my key.（现在找不到）
现在完成 vs 过去完成
I have never seen...（到现在为止）
She said she had never seen...（她说的时候之前）
被动语态在各时态
一般现在：is done / 一般过去：was done
一般将来：will be done / 现在完成：has been done
进行时态与完成时态对比
难度 3/3
进行时态的共性
* 表示未完成的动作
* 强调在某个时间点的状态
* 常搭配always/constantly表感情色彩
* 状态动词通常不用进行时
完成时态的共性
* 表示已完成的动作
* 强调对后续时间点的影响
* 常与for/since/by等连用
现在完成时 vs 现在完成进行时
* 现在完成时（have done）：强调结果
I have cleaned the room.（房间干净了）
* 现在完成进行时（have been doing）：强调持续
I have been cleaning the room.（一直在打扫，可能还没完）
过去完成时 vs 现在完成时
* 过去完成时：以"过去的某个时间"为参照
She said she had already finished.
* 现在完成时：以"现在"为参照
She says she has already finished.
将来完成时 vs 将来进行时
* 将来完成：到将来某时已经完成
By next week, I will have finished.
* 将来进行：将来某时正在做
At 8 pm tomorrow, I will be watching TV.