知识库
先学知识点，再做题检验。当前：被动语态
01. 名词 (8个)
02. 冠词 (5个)
03. 代词 (4个)
04. 形容词与副词 (6个)
05. 介词 (6个)
06. 连词 (4个)
07. 动词时态 (19个)
08. 被动语态 (7个)
09. 情态动词 (4个)
10. 非谓语动词 (8个)
11. 定语从句 (7个)
12. 名词性从句 (8个)
13. 状语从句 (7个)
14. 虚拟语气 (5个)
15. 特殊句式 (8个)
16. 数词 (6个)
17. 直接引语与间接引语 (4个)
18. 句子成分与结构 (7个)
19. 构词法 (4个)
98. 张俊杰英语全语法体系（综合参考） (31个)
99. 英语全语法之简单原则 (12个)
被动语态的构成
被动语态的构成
重点 难度 2/3
被动 = be + 过去分词
各时态被动
一般现在：am/is/are done
一般过去：was/were done
一般将来：will be done
现在进行：am/is/are being done
现在完成：have/has been done
情态：can/must/should be done
主动变被动
The cat caught the mouse.
→ The mouse was caught by the cat.
无被动的动词
happen, occur, rise, appear, seem, belong to
被动语态的特殊时态与形式
难度 2/3
完成时的被动
* 现在完成被动：has/have been done
The work has been finished.
* 过去完成被动：had been done
The work had been finished before I left.
* 将来完成被动：will have been done
The work will have been finished by tomorrow.
含有情态动词的被动
* can/must/should/may/need + be done
The work must be done today.
* can/must/should/may/need + have been done
The work must have been done by now.
非谓语动词的被动形式
* 不定式被动：to be done / to have been done
The work needs to be done.（需要被做）
The book is said to have been translated into many languages.
* 动名词被动：being done / having been done
He avoided being seen.
He admitted having been told about it.
* 分词被动：being done / having been done
Being criticized is not always a bad thing.
注意
happen, occur, take place, break out, last, appear, seem, belong to, consist of
被动语态的用法
被动语态的用法
难度 2/3
使用场景
1.发出者不重要：My phone was stolen.
2.接受者更重要：Shakespeare was born in 1564.
3.学术/客观表达：
It is said/believed/reported that...
4.描述过程：First, the mixture is heated.
主动形式表被动
* The book sells well.（书好卖）
* The car needs washing.（= needs to be washed）
* be worth doing：The movie is worth watching.
主动表被动的特殊表达
难度 2/3
某些动词用主动形式表被动含义
* The book sells well.（书很畅销）
* The door won't open.（门打不开）
* The meat cuts easily.（肉很好切）
* The car drives smoothly.（车开起来很顺）
* This kind of cloth washes well.（这种布好洗）
* The novel reads easily.（这本小说好读）
need/want/require/deserve + doing = need to be done
* The car needs washing.（= needs to be washed）
* The floor wants cleaning.（需要打扫）
* The plants require watering.（需要浇水）
* He deserves punishing.（= deserves to be punished）
be worth + doing（值得...）
* The movie is worth watching.
* This book is worth reading.
* It is not worth mentioning.（不值一提）
be + 形容词 + to do 的主动表被动
* The problem is difficult to solve.
* This question is easy to answer.
* The water is not fit to drink.
* The house is comfortable to live in.
使役动词的主动与被动
难度 2/3
have / get / make 用法对比
have + 宾语 + do（主动，省to）
I had him repair my car.（我叫他修了车）
have + 宾语 + done（被动）
I had my car repaired.（我叫人修了车 / 我的车被修了）
have + 宾语 + doing（持续进行）
I had him waiting for two hours.（我让他等了两小时）
get + 宾语 + to do（劝说/安排）
I got him to repair my car.（我说服他修了车）
get + 宾语 + done（被动）
I got my car repaired.（我让人修了车）
make + 宾语 + do（强迫/迫使）
He made me wait.（他让我等着）
make + 宾语 + done（被动）
He made himself understood.（他让别人听懂了他）
let + 宾语 + do（允许）
Let me know if you need help.
Don't let him go.
leave + 宾语 + doing/done（保持某种状态）
Leave the door open.（开着门）
Leave him waiting outside.（让他在外面等着）
特殊被动结构
get + 过去分词被动结构
难度 2/3
get + done 被动结构
口语中常用get代替be构成被动，强调动作的"发生"：
* He got hurt in the accident.
* I got lost in the city.
* She got married last year.
* They got caught in the rain.
* He got fired from his job.
常见get + done搭配
get dressed（穿衣服）, get lost（迷路）
get married（结婚）, get divorced（离婚）
get hurt（受伤）, get killed（被杀）
get caught（被抓住）, get arrested（被捕）
get paid（得到报酬）, get elected（当选）
get vs be 被动区别
* be + done：强调状态
The window was broken.（窗子破了——状态）
* get + done：强调动作/意外
The window got broken during the storm.（窗子被打破了——动作/意外）
使役动词的被动结构
* have/get sth done（请人做某事）
I had my hair cut.（我去剪了头发）
I must get my car repaired.
* have sb do / get sb to do
I had him repair my car.（我叫他修了车）
I got him to repair my car.（我说服他修了车）
特殊被动结构
难度 2/3
双宾语动词被动
give/show/tell/send/teach
主动：I gave him a book.
被动1：He was given a book.（人作主语）
被动2：A book was given to him.（物作主语）
感官动词被动（to还原）
主动：I saw him cross the street.（省to）
被动：He was seen to cross the street.（加to！）
短语动词被动
The child was looked after well.（不拆分）