知识库
先学知识点，再做题检验。当前：名词性从句
01. 名词 (8个)
02. 冠词 (5个)
03. 代词 (4个)
04. 形容词与副词 (6个)
05. 介词 (6个)
06. 连词 (4个)
07. 动词时态 (19个)
08. 被动语态 (7个)
09. 情态动词 (4个)
10. 非谓语动词 (8个)
11. 定语从句 (7个)
12. 名词性从句 (8个)
13. 状语从句 (7个)
14. 虚拟语气 (5个)
15. 特殊句式 (8个)
16. 数词 (6个)
17. 直接引语与间接引语 (4个)
18. 句子成分与结构 (7个)
19. 构词法 (4个)
98. 张俊杰英语全语法体系（综合参考） (31个)
99. 英语全语法之简单原则 (12个)
主语从句
主语从句
重点 难度 2/3
一个句子做主语
引导词
* that（无含义）：That he passed made us happy.
* whether（是否）：Whether we go depends on weather.
* what（= the thing that）：What she said is true.
* who/which/wh-ever
it形式主语
It is important that...
It is said that...
It is a pity that...
It 作形式主语的主语从句
难度 2/3
It + be + 形容词 + that 从句
important/necessary/possible/clear/obvious/likely
It is clear that he is right.
It is necessary that we (should) start early.
It + be + 名词 + that 从句
pity/shame/fact/surprise/no wonder/good news
It is a pity that you can't come.
It is no wonder that he passed the exam.
It + be + 过去分词 + that 从句
said/reported/believed/known/thought/expected/announced
It is said that the president will visit.
It is reported that 20 people were injured.
It is believed that the project will finish on time.
It + 不及物动词 + that 从句
seems/appears/happens/turns out/occurs
It seems that everyone is ready.
It happened that I met him on the street.
It turned out that he was right all along.
whoever = anyone who
Whoever breaks the law will be punished.
(= Anyone who breaks the law...)
类似的：whatever = anything that / whenever = any time when
宾语从句
宾语从句
重点 难度 2/3
一个句子做动词或介词的宾语
引导词
* that（可省略）：I think (that) he is right.
* whether/if（是否）：I don't know if he will come.
* wh-词：I don't know where he lives.
语序
I don't know where he lives.（✗ does he live）
否定转移
I don't think he is right.（认为...不对）
宾语从句的时态与特殊句型
难度 2/3
时态呼应（主句过去时）
主句若是过去时，从句用相应的过去时态：
* He said he was tired.（同时→过去时）
* He said he had finished.（之前→过去完成时）
* He said he would come.（之后→过去将来时）
* 然而，客观真理仍用现在时：
The teacher said the earth goes around the sun.
介词后的宾语从句
* that从句一般不能放在介词后（except/in除外）
He is a good student except that he is lazy.
* wh-从句可以放在介词后：
It depends on whether we have enough money.
I'm interested in what he said.
形容词后的宾语从句
I'm sure that he will come.
He is glad that we can help.
I'm afraid that I can't come.
宾语从句的否定转移（重要）
think/believe/suppose/expect/imagine + that从句
否定转移到主句：
* I don't think he is right.（不说 I think he isn't right）
* I don't believe she will come.
* I don't suppose he knows the truth.
反意疑问句与否定转移
* I don't think he is right, is he?
（反意疑问句与从句一致）
whoever/whatever/whichever引导名词从句
难度 2/3
wh-ever 引导名词性从句
whoever = anyone who（任何人）
* Whoever breaks the law will be punished.
（= Anyone who breaks the law...）
* You can invite whoever you like.
* Whoever said that is a liar.
whatever = anything that（任何事）
* Whatever she says is true.（主语从句）
* I will do whatever you ask.（宾语从句）
* You can eat whatever you want.
whichever = any one that（任何一个）
* Choose whichever you like.
* Whichever way you go, you'll find a supermarket.
wh-ever 与 no matter wh- 的区别
* wh-ever 可引导名词性从句（做主语/宾语）
Whoever breaks the law will be punished.（主语）
* no matter wh- 只能引导让步状语从句
No matter who breaks the law, they will be punished.（状语）
* 但 wh-ever 也可以引导让步状语从句：
Whoever breaks the law, they will be punished.
＝ No matter who breaks the law, ...
通常用 wh-ever 引导名词从句的结构
* I'll take whatever you give me.（宾语从句）
* I'll support whoever you choose.（宾语从句）
* Whatever happens is fine with me.（主语从句）
表语从句与同位语从句
表语从句与同位语从句
难度 2/3
表语从句
The problem is that we don't have enough time.
同位语从句
The news that he won the game shocked everyone.
常见名词：fact, news, idea, thought, truth, belief, suggestion
同位语从句 vs 定语从句
同位语从句：that在从句中不充当成分
定语从句：that在从句中充当成分
* The news that he won is true.（同位语，句子完整）
* The news that he told me is true.（定语，缺宾语）
表语从句的引导词与同位语从句详解
难度 2/3
表语从句的特殊引导词
* as if / as though（好像）：
It looks as if it's going to rain.
He looks as if he has seen a ghost.
* because / why（因为/为什么...的原因）：
The reason is that he was sick.（注意用that不用because）
但：It is because he was sick.（只能用because）
reason + is that（不是 because）
The reason for his absence is that he was ill.
（✗ The reason is because he was ill.）
同位语从句的分离
同位语从句不一定紧跟在名词后：
* Word came that our team had won.
* The news spread quickly that the war was over.
* The order came that all civilians should evacuate.
常见的同位语从句名词
fact, news, idea, thought, truth, belief, hope, suggestion, conclusion, certainty, doubt, question, problem, evidence, proof, word, rumor, decision, promise, possibility
suggestion/order/proposal/advice/requirement的同位语从句虚拟语气
He made the suggestion that we (should) start early.
间隔同位语从句与抽象名词
难度 2/3
间隔同位语从句（常考）
同位语从句常与其修饰的名词被谓语隔开：
* Word came that our team had won.
* The news spread quickly that the war was over.
* The suggestion was made that the meeting should be postponed.
* 原因是谓语很短，而同位语从句很长，为了保持平衡
常见跟同位语从句的抽象名词
* 事实类：fact, truth, reality
* 消息类：news, word, report, rumor, message
* 观点类：idea, thought, belief, opinion, view
* 建议类：suggestion, proposal, advice, recommendation
* 决定类：decision, conclusion, plan, promise
* 疑问类：question, problem, doubt
* 其他：possibility, probability, evidence, proof, guarantee
doubt 的同位语从句
* 肯定句用 whether：I have doubts whether he will come.
* 否定句/疑问句用 that：There is no doubt that he is right.
I have no doubt that he will succeed.
There is no doubt that...（必背句式！）
同位语从句 vs 定语从句终极判断
* 同位语：that在从句中不充当成分，that从句=名词内容
The news that he won is true.（news的内容是他赢了）
* 定语从句：that在从句中充当成分
The news that he told me is true.（他告诉我的那个新闻）